pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
Mohammad Bakhtiari
Abstract
Abstract Qazvin is one of the cities that were occupied by the allies in both world wars. During the Second World War, the forces of all three countries, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States, were present in this city, and Qazvin was used as one of the command centers of the Soviet ...
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Abstract Qazvin is one of the cities that were occupied by the allies in both world wars. During the Second World War, the forces of all three countries, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States, were present in this city, and Qazvin was used as one of the command centers of the Soviet forces and their main base to control the capital. The presence of the allied forces in Qazvin caused many problems for its residents, the effects and signs of which can be seen in the documents and sources left from that era. The purpose of the current research, which is carried out with aanalytical method and relying on documents and library sources, is to investigate the situation of Qazvin during World War II and wants to answer the question of what consequences the occupation of Qazvin by the allied forces had for This city and its inhabitants have had. The result of the present research shows that the presence of the Allies in Qazvin, which continued from the first days of their arrival in Iran until the months after the end of the World War, caused insecurity, chaos, murder, looting, theft, famine, high prices, smuggling, There was hoarding, disease, conflict and conflict in Qazvin and its surroundings.
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
Jamshid Noroozi; Narges khazaei; zahra fatemi moghadam
Abstract
A B S T R A C TThe cultural and religious relations of some Iranian cities and regions with the Muslims and Shiites of neighboring countries such as Indian subcontinent are among the important issues related to the local history of Iran. Due to the influence of Iranian cultural in India and the ...
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A B S T R A C TThe cultural and religious relations of some Iranian cities and regions with the Muslims and Shiites of neighboring countries such as Indian subcontinent are among the important issues related to the local history of Iran. Due to the influence of Iranian cultural in India and the presence of Shiites, Sufis and Sadats who were interested in Imam Reza in this region, during the Qajar period, as in the Safavid era, many Indian pilgrims were traveling to Mashhad. They were from various social groups, including Sadat and Sufis and occasionally encountered problems. To explain their situation and present and resolve their problems, they used the customary method of writing a petition to the Astan Quds Razavi guardians during their long journey and stay in Mashhad. These petitions which are preserved in the Astan Quds document center, reflect the situation of these Indian pilgrims and provide valuable information about their problems, as well as how the Astan Quds guardians interact with them and support them. The current study, using a historical method and a descriptive-analytical approach based on the documents of Astan Quds Razavi, aimed to provide answer to these questions that what problems the Indian pilgrims who traveled to Mashhad during the Qajar era were encountered? What solution did they mainly resort to reduce them? What interactions and supportive acts did the Astan Quds Razavi guardians have with these Indian pilgrims? The findings indicate that the Indian pilgrims who traveled to Mashhad from various regions of Indian subcontinent experienced a variety of problems including illness, property, theft, and the inability to earn a living. These trapped pilgrims using the pilgrimage atmosphere of this city and the long-standing practice of Astan Quds' support, turned to the Astan Quds guardians to find a solution for their problems. Due to the age of writing a petition of stranded pilgrims and the allocation of significant financial resources and endowments for support them, the Astan Quds guardians and officials considered various support measures, including cash and non-monetary aid after studying their petitions and the situation and problems, sometimes by influencing the social base of the pilgrims and the way of expressing the problems in the petitions, gave more attention to some pilgrims, especially Sadat.
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
mohammad zahdi; Mohammad Hossein daneskia
Abstract
Investigating the influential factors in Islamic civilization is important. The people of different cities, including Qom, as one of the important Shiite religious cities, have been influential in the flourishing of Islamic civilization. This research using the descriptive-analytical method based on ...
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Investigating the influential factors in Islamic civilization is important. The people of different cities, including Qom, as one of the important Shiite religious cities, have been influential in the flourishing of Islamic civilization. This research using the descriptive-analytical method based on the data of the most authentic narrative and historical, geographical and royal books, seeks to answer the question that what effects did Qom have on Islamic civilization from the second to the fourth century Hijri? The findings show that the people of Qom, both local natives and Arab Shiite Ash'aris, using efficient manpower and a coherent plan, in a short period of time, were able to have an impact on Islamic civilization by self-sufficient in various political, economic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, animal husbandry, judicial, military, scientific, architectural and art sectors, exporting high-quality goods to Islamic countries, providing efficient political force for other cities, sending merchants and traders to different Islamic cities, ensuring the security of transportation routes, and inventing and transferring the art and architecture style to other Islamic cities.
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
badrosadat alizademoghadam; Morteza Nikravesh; ahmad bazmandegan khamiri; sasan Tahmasbi
Abstract
With the increasing communication between Indian Persians and Iranian Zoroastrians during the Naseri period, Indian Persians sent representatives and established associations among Iranian Zoroastrians, especially Yazd Zoroastrians, with the aim of improving their fellow believers’ status and religious ...
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With the increasing communication between Indian Persians and Iranian Zoroastrians during the Naseri period, Indian Persians sent representatives and established associations among Iranian Zoroastrians, especially Yazd Zoroastrians, with the aim of improving their fellow believers’ status and religious and social affairs in Iran. The formation of these associations in Yazd, along with the efforts of some Zoroastrian reformers, especially the Persians, caused significant changes in the conditions of the Zoroastrians in this area. This research, with a descriptive and analytical approach and based on library and documentary sources, seeks to answer the main question that what role did Zoroastrian associations in Yazd play in Zoroastrians’ cultural and social life during the Qajar period? The findings indicate that Indian Persians played a significant role in improving the condition of Yazd Zoroastrians during the Qajar era through the establishment of associations such as Akaber association and Naseri association. These associations with the help of the representatives sent by Indian Persians, played a significant role in Yazd Zoroastrians’ social and cultural life in t affaires such as canceling the jizya, establishing new schools, and removing injustices from the Zoroastrian minority.
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
Maryam Khosroabadi; Milad Ajami
Abstract
The most important feature of the Ismaili movement was its longevity. This movement started in the middle of the second century of Hijri and continued until the fall of the Ismaili castles by the Mongols (7th century of Hijri). During all this time, "being an Ismaili" meant a challenge to the Islamic ...
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The most important feature of the Ismaili movement was its longevity. This movement started in the middle of the second century of Hijri and continued until the fall of the Ismaili castles by the Mongols (7th century of Hijri). During all this time, "being an Ismaili" meant a challenge to the Islamic world and was called a deviant sect, atheist, irreligious and non-Muslim by the Sunni governments as well as other Shiite groups. The remnants of the Ismaili communities from the Mongol to the Safavid era began their resurrection ina challenge to the subsequent governments. After the fall of Alamut in Kerman, we witness a peaceful coexistence between the Ismaili community and the post-Safawi governments, which, according to some opinions, were not interested in conflict with the Ismaili survivors. From the point of view of this writing, the Ismaili imams first promoted peaceful coexistence with the Iranian Muslim community in Kerman, and then the aforementioned governments were forced to compromise with them. The main question of the research is how this coexistence took place and what were its reasons and factors? The results showed that the geographical, economic and political conditions of Kerman created a platform where the Ismaili leaders, by understanding the spatial and temporal conditions, without spreading the religion, could be accepted by the people of Kerman as Sadat Hosseini and the descendants of the Prophet, and made the governments of Zand and Qajar obliged to respect their situation. Hosseini Sadat and the descendants of the Prophet accepted the word of being Ismaili and replaced it with the discourse of peace and coexistence. The present study tries to introduce Kerman as a platform for the revival of the Ismailis after the decline of the death period in order to enter the modern world.
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
Mina Moeini; Ali Akbar Jafari; Morteza Dehqannejad
Abstract
Russia's attempts to infiltrate in Northern provinces of Iran became more serious during the Qajar period, and finally became more noticeable and evident after concluding the treaties of Golestan and Turkamanchai. The Russians paid special attention to Astarabad because of its unique commercial and geographical ...
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Russia's attempts to infiltrate in Northern provinces of Iran became more serious during the Qajar period, and finally became more noticeable and evident after concluding the treaties of Golestan and Turkamanchai. The Russians paid special attention to Astarabad because of its unique commercial and geographical location. By influencing in Astarabad, they had a significant impact on the events of this area. This situation progressed to the point that the ruler of the region was actually the Russian consul and the Iranian authorities had no power against him. This study aims to investigate the state of Astarabad province and the reasons for the inability of its rulers to deal with Russian infiltrate and domination and seeks to answer this question: Why the governors of Astarabad didn’t have a proper reaction to the influence of the Russians? According to the findings of this descriptive-analytical study, the absence of powerful and reforming rulers in the Asatrabad, the oppression and abuse of the Iranian authorities and rulers of this region to the people, the lack of unity among the residents, and finally the collusion of some Iranian officials with the Russians, increased Russian dominance and presence in the state.
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pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
ahmad bazmandegan khamiri
Abstract
The name of the Persian Gulf has always been associated with trade and as one of the important waterways, it played a vital role in the exchange of goods between East and West, which was mentioned in the sources of the past. On the eve of the constitutional revolution and with the expansion of newspapers, ...
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The name of the Persian Gulf has always been associated with trade and as one of the important waterways, it played a vital role in the exchange of goods between East and West, which was mentioned in the sources of the past. On the eve of the constitutional revolution and with the expansion of newspapers, new written sources addressed this field. Mozaffari newspaper which was one of the most important newspapers in the south of Iran, devoted important articles to this field. This article seeks to answer this question: what was the approach of this newspaper to the category of merchants and trade and tries to examine this issue in a descriptive-analytical method and with a critical approach. The findings showed that, according to Mozaffari newspaper, Iran's trade in the Persian Gulf declined during this period, and one of the main factors was British interference and concessions, which in practice limited free trade in the region and left no space for competition. This newspaper did not consider trade as only the exchange of goods, but considered it a complex process of which the exchange of goods was a part. The process of product production, which is considered an inseparable part of it is neglected in the meantime. A part that, according to the newspaper, has not been given much value in Iran's foreign trade.
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pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
Yaser Karimi gilaye; hojjat fallah tootkar; Bagher Ali Adelfar; mohsen bahram nezhad
Abstract
Teachers and students were one of the most important social forces emerging from the new educational structure in the country, who took a critical stance towards the unbalanced Pahlavi government’s political and social functions. The teachers and students of Guilan province, like their counterparts ...
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Teachers and students were one of the most important social forces emerging from the new educational structure in the country, who took a critical stance towards the unbalanced Pahlavi government’s political and social functions. The teachers and students of Guilan province, like their counterparts in other provinces of the country, after the transformation in the social structure, the expansion of the challenging discourses of the political system and the emergence of the destructive leader named Imam Khomeini, have provided the foundation for the emergence of dissatisfaction and street protests and created cultural and revolutionary activism by participating in protests and marches and distributing and reproducting of revolutionary leaflets and books. This research with descriptive-analytical approach and historical method and relying on documentary sources and oral history tries to answer the question, what role did teachers and students of different cities of Gilan province play in the formation and political mobilization of forces in the Islamic Revolution. ? The findings showed that they were among the pioneers of the flow of awareness and political cohesion to carry out revolutionary action among different strata of the society, and with their behavioral and expressive actions, they provided the ground for the presence of the revolutionary masses in the scene of the revolution..
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
mojtaba soltani ahmadi; Iraj Soori; mostafa gohari fakhrabad
Abstract
In the field of historiography of Lorestan in the second Pahlavi era, no research has been done to determine the subject areas and methodology. The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the remaining works about the history of Lorestan during the Pahlavi period (1357-1320) and to criticize ...
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In the field of historiography of Lorestan in the second Pahlavi era, no research has been done to determine the subject areas and methodology. The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the remaining works about the history of Lorestan during the Pahlavi period (1357-1320) and to criticize the common writing styles of that time in terms of method and content. The general feature of existing historiography is the investigation of personalities, institutions and organizations, which mostly covers political history and less deals with social, economic, cultural and artistic history. Therefore, the scientific criticism and evaluation of these works is important for the purpose of the desired scientific productions and the promotion of researches in the field of local history of Lorestan. The findings indicate that three main types of historiography can be identified: character-oriented historiography or monograph, official historiography with the content of works and compositions (books), and oral historiography. In these works, people of Lorestan’s social history, including the petitions of the people to the members of parliament, which are a good source in this regard, have been neglected. Another problem in the field of historiography of this period is the dispersion of data and information sources. The lack of an independent document database specific to the province has made difficult to access to sufficient data for scientific productions.
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
hadi bayati; hamidreza moniri
Abstract
The most important goal of this qualitative-descriptive research is the historical investigation of the formation of the resources of the religious forces mobilization in Saveh in the process of the Islamic revolution from 1963-1978. The data collection method is the documents related to the revolution ...
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The most important goal of this qualitative-descriptive research is the historical investigation of the formation of the resources of the religious forces mobilization in Saveh in the process of the Islamic revolution from 1963-1978. The data collection method is the documents related to the revolution based on Charles Tilly's resource mobilization theory. The research seeks to answer the main question: what was the historical process of mobilizing the resources of religious forces in the process of the Islamic revolution in Saveh? It seems that the components extracted from Charles Tilly's theory are appropriate in explaining how to mobilize the resources of the religious forces of Saveh city in the Islamic revolution process. The findings indicate that in the process of the Islamic revolution in Saveh, the different groups and classes that sought to mobilize resources against the Pahlavi regime include: clergy, marketers, educators (teachers and students) and women. In this period, non-organizational groups centered on clerics were formed and they were mainly active in mosques and religious centers. All sources of power were operating by not using compulsory sources such as weapons, useful sources through information services such as cassette tapes and normative sources with religious ceremonies during the days of Muharram, Safar and Ramadan. The resource mobilization were formed with defensive mobilization with measures such as destroying the statue of the king and aggresive mobilization with strikes, closing markets and demonstrations, and collective actions were assoiated with two types of "reactive collective action" (strikes) and "initiative collective action" (street clashes between revolutionary forces and regime agents).
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
mehrdad ronaghi; javad sakha; masood mohammadi
Abstract
The Kerman Seljuk Sultanate or Al-Qaward (432-583 AH), one of the most important local governments in Seljuk history, was formed by Qaward in Kerman and controlled Kerman to the coast of Oman for one hundred and fifty years. It was the source of changes in the economy and land and sea trade; so that ...
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The Kerman Seljuk Sultanate or Al-Qaward (432-583 AH), one of the most important local governments in Seljuk history, was formed by Qaward in Kerman and controlled Kerman to the coast of Oman for one hundred and fifty years. It was the source of changes in the economy and land and sea trade; so that during this period, Kerman became one of the commercial bases in the territory of the Great Seljuk. Although due to the challenge between Sultan Malik Shah and Qaward, the founder of the Kerman Seljuk, several wars took place which caused a strain in the their relations, but finally they made peace and Al-Qaward tried not to interfere in the conflicts between the princes and the central government. This study aimed to identify the factors of survival and continuity of this local dynasty during the critical period after the death of Malek Shah. The results showed that the political attitude of Qaward's successors towards the central government in not intervening in the Seljuk conflicts and their attention to commercial and economic prosperity in the long term became the secret of its survival and stability. This research tries to analyze the subject from different angles based on the historical research method with a descriptive approach and referring to the original sources.
