Bagher Ali ʻAdelfar ʻAdelfar; Zahra Ali-Mohammadi
Volume 5, Issue 9 , March 2017, , Pages 93-106
Abstract
Qazvin as one of the most important Iranian cities at the Safavid reign, when it was the capital, reached the peak of its development. But after about four decades when the capital moved from Qazvin to Isfahan, without any doubt, this transferring had significant consequences for Qazvin city. In fact, ...
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Qazvin as one of the most important Iranian cities at the Safavid reign, when it was the capital, reached the peak of its development. But after about four decades when the capital moved from Qazvin to Isfahan, without any doubt, this transferring had significant consequences for Qazvin city. In fact, it was expected that the development of the city would be rapidly lost. Since it is obvious that the political centralism of a city could be effective, to a considerable extent, in its development and as a result, its lack of centralism has the opposite effect. From current study, which was conducted through using itineraries and reports of the travelers and ambassadors and reviewing financial documents and the works of historians was concluded that though changing the political capital from Qazvin area to Isfahan area, led to considerable decrease of the political significance of the city, due to other factors, moving of the capital had not much negative effects on the economic and commercial life of the area, and this condition stayed continuous until the Qajar dynasty which led to new situations in the economy of northern areas of Iran.
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Volume 4, . , October 2016, , Pages 59-70
Abstract
Great game or competition between imperial expansionists, Russia and Britain, in the nineteenth century, to get the thorough control of the Central Asia, was the fact that Iran was unwillingly involved in it. Strategy, rules and tactics of the game, which are defined over the period of time and changed ...
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Great game or competition between imperial expansionists, Russia and Britain, in the nineteenth century, to get the thorough control of the Central Asia, was the fact that Iran was unwillingly involved in it. Strategy, rules and tactics of the game, which are defined over the period of time and changed in terms of conditional requirements, including the establishment of political representatives and consulates of the two powers in Iran. In the Qajar era, governments of Britain and Russia, after the establishment of the political representatives in Tehran, due to their benefits, attempted to inaugurate gradually the consulate in the city of Rasht which in the beginning of the twentieth century changed into the widespread networks throughout the country. The current study, through application of historical, descriptive, and analytical approaches as well as using library resources and archival documents, examines the causes of the establishment of the consulate in Rasht and functions assigned to it. This study shows that the inauguration of the consulate in Rasht by England or Russia are more due to the political and strategic goals of these two governments than any other elements.
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Volume 4, اول , February 2016, , Pages 69-79
Abstract
By the demise of the Qajar dynasty and the establishment of the Pahlavi government, relations between the government and people experienced major changes. Modernism and modernization were the aims that Reza Shah and his West-oriented advisors wanted to fulfill in Iran’s Islamic and ...
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By the demise of the Qajar dynasty and the establishment of the Pahlavi government, relations between the government and people experienced major changes. Modernism and modernization were the aims that Reza Shah and his West-oriented advisors wanted to fulfill in Iran’s Islamic and traditional society. Removing Hijab was one of the aims imposed brutally by the regime in order to pave the way for women to enter the society. Agreements and disagreements against this law in different cities, was one of the most prominent incidents in Iran's contemporary history. In Hamedan, removing Hijab also faced with bitter incidents. The current study, first, explores the process of removing hijab in Hamedan by using descriptive-analytic method based on historical sources and valid documents. Then, it examines the consequences of announcing this law in Hamedan.
Volume 1, Issue 1 , September 2012, , Pages 76-85
Abstract
Abstract
One of the important social features of Iran that has always made Iranians proud during different eras was the immigration of Iranian tribes to other areas of the world. These immigrations were an important factor of developing Iranian culture beyond its borders and introduced glorious ...
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Abstract
One of the important social features of Iran that has always made Iranians proud during different eras was the immigration of Iranian tribes to other areas of the world. These immigrations were an important factor of developing Iranian culture beyond its borders and introduced glorious elements of Iranian culture and civilization to the other nations of the world and in many cases have had excellent results. Immigration of Iranian Baloch to East Africa and their intimate relationship with the people and tribes of this area is a good example that has had very important results. In this essay, the author has tried to deal with the reasons of such immigrations from Balochistan of Iran to East Africa and how they were settled there, at the same time the main hypothesis of friendly relationship between Iranian Baloch and native people of east Africa and their public acceptance in that area has been studied. The framework of the essay is according to the effective role of the Iranian immigrants on the development of Iranian culture and civilization and its cultural and political outcome resulted from the settlement of Iranian Baloch in East Africa are the independent variables of the research. In this essay, by the use of analysis and descriptive method, it has been tried to study the main effective factors in the process of immigration and settlement of Iranian Baloch in east Africa
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Volume 6, . , March 2018, , Pages 83-100
Abstract
Geography as a platform for history has always played an important role in shaping historical developments. Statement of the geographical situation of a region in terms of location and climate makes it easier to understand political events and even understand many obscure historical issues. This research ...
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Geography as a platform for history has always played an important role in shaping historical developments. Statement of the geographical situation of a region in terms of location and climate makes it easier to understand political events and even understand many obscure historical issues. This research is a type of qualitative research that seeks to find the geographic factors affecting the formation of the boundaries of the Taherian government. The reliance of historical sources on the reporting of political events has unintention caused historians and narrators to be underestimated ally where the events took place. Accordingly, non-historiographical sources, especially geographic books, have been used to identify Taherian territory, so far, the role of the geographic factors in the formation of the frontiers of the Taherian government has not been the subject of in dependent research, and only in some books related to the history of the Taheri dynasty have been tran siently and generally referred to the limits of their political geography. In the present paper, the borders of Taherian keeping the historical order of the rulers of Taheri. Finally, by referring to the map sin some valid domestic and foreign atlases, the degree of compliance of written sources reports and these maps has been proposed as a new map validation.
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Volume 2, Issue 3 , June 2014, , Pages 91-115
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Volume 3, Issue 3 , February 2015, , Pages 93-102
Abstract
Recognition of local communities of Isfahan and changes of its texture and structure during the time is not easy. Governments that had ruled the city had made valuable historical monuments. Iranian or non-Iranian, anyone who has reached this city, has found it the best place and resided there and many ...
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Recognition of local communities of Isfahan and changes of its texture and structure during the time is not easy. Governments that had ruled the city had made valuable historical monuments. Iranian or non-Iranian, anyone who has reached this city, has found it the best place and resided there and many of them died there. The author of the present article, while studying the "Short history of Isfahan" written by Nadim-ol-Molk, had faced a building called "Daralbatykh" and decided to introduce this monument, and find the reason of the popularity of the "Daralbtykh" from books and the elderly people who were devoted to Iran and Iranian identity to submit the avid readers to understand this ancient monument and if I find grace to introduce other forgotten buildings.
Kurosh salehi; zenab baluchinejad
Volume 6, . , March 2018, , Pages 93-108
Abstract
The Safavids did not have a proper supervising of the situation in distant states such as Makoran (Baluchistan) until the time of Shah Abbas I. Thus, after domination of these areas, they turned the government into mediators by handing over the administration of a part of Baluchistan to the Governor ...
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The Safavids did not have a proper supervising of the situation in distant states such as Makoran (Baluchistan) until the time of Shah Abbas I. Thus, after domination of these areas, they turned the government into mediators by handing over the administration of a part of Baluchistan to the Governor of Kerman and another part of it to the Sultanate. This process, which was roughly based on indirect observation of states, although its short-term negative effects were not revealed in the short term, but in the long run, and occasionally the weakness of the central government, caused a lot of problems for the Safavids and focused on local dissatisfaction in Baluchitan. And this field contributed greatly to the victory of the Ghiljaidsin the attack on the capital of the Safavid. The basic question that this study seeks to provide a well-grounded answer to what was the basis of the context and effect of the Baluch revolt in southeastern Iran during the Safavid period? The main hypothesis of the paper is that the numerous attacks of Kerman rulers, religious hardship and tax pressures caused people to be dissatisfied with the Safavid regime and caused them to revolt in the late Safavid; these riots set the stage for weakening the Safavid rule on the eastern borders and spreading the Mahmud Afghan refugee provided. This paper describes the ups and downs of developments in this state in Safavid era, which shows that the change in the role of the borderland peoples from the borderland to the influence factor and the attackers to the extent to which the government, the behavior and attitude of the structure of the central government of Safavid It depends.
Mir Samad Mousavi
Volume 7, Issue 13 , March 2019, , Pages 93-112
Abstract
After the assassination of Nadir Shah Afshar, each of his commanders and local leaders planned to form a government in different areas. At this time, favorable conditions were prepared for the establishment of khanates with local authority. At this time in Azerbaijan and in Caucasus region, a number ...
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After the assassination of Nadir Shah Afshar, each of his commanders and local leaders planned to form a government in different areas. At this time, favorable conditions were prepared for the establishment of khanates with local authority. At this time in Azerbaijan and in Caucasus region, a number of khanates and sultanates were established. Gharabagh khanate was one the most important ones that always been faced with a variety of internal and external threats from the beginning of its establishment. This khanate implemented various policies and programs to eliminate these dangers on domestic and foreign dimensions. In this period, the most important foreign presence in the region was the presence of Russia and Ottoman Empire. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that were dominant in the lodgment and relations of Gharabagh khanate with Ottomans based on historical documents and reports. The results of this study show that the Ottomans, after the loss of Crimean Khanate and after joinder of Georgia to Russia according to Giyorgiyosk Treaty of 1193 AH / 1784 AD (between Ariquel II and Catherine), tried to initiate a military battle with khans of Azerbaijan and Dagestan to prevent the development of Russians. Gharabagh region was geographically considered as gateway of Iran and the Caucasus, therefore, the Ottoman politicians recognized Gharabagh khanate suitable for their political purposes and sought to establish relations with Gharabagh khanate. Khans of Gharabagh also intended to preserve their local sovereignty and to neutralize the threats of internal and external enemies at all costs, and this was always the most important principle in the lodgment of Gharabagh khans. Accordingly, the principle of "common threat" led to the close proximity of Gharabagh khans and Ottoman Empire.
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Volume 5, . , March 2017, , Pages 97-110
Abstract
The land of Tabarestan is one of the areas that its appellation and geographical bounderies have been the subject of controversy. This title of formaly was used commonly through pre- Islamic period and part of the Islamic era (until the end of 8th century AH). From this time on, it was replaced ...
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The land of Tabarestan is one of the areas that its appellation and geographical bounderies have been the subject of controversy. This title of formaly was used commonly through pre- Islamic period and part of the Islamic era (until the end of 8th century AH). From this time on, it was replaced by the word ‘Mazandaran’, due to unclear reasons. The change in the name and sign of this strategic area is important for the purpose of this paper in terms of the importance of history and local identity. Mazandaran which for long time was used along with Tabarestan took its place instead .Changes for the name of this strategic region in terms of history importance and local identity is an important question that this essay is considered. This article is done by a descriptive – analytical approach, and considering to the history of Tabarestan and its political, cultural, and social nature study the replacement of Mazandaran title for geographical proximity of the case. Research results show that the Tabarestan appellation is more compatible with its current inhabitants than Mazandaran name with its geographical features. The political range of this geographical area, particularly during the Islamic period, has fluctuated, due to the reasons such as family rivalries, internal conflicts, and the expansionism of the rulers.
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Volume 3, Issue 6 , October 2015, , Pages 98-121
Abstract
"Luti and Lutigari (Ruffian and Machismo)" has a long history in the culture and social developments of Iran. The ancient origins and cause of this social phenomenon is as old as the history of "chivalry", and it can be traced in the ancient Iran and agility culture and the Islamic generosity. This rooted ...
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"Luti and Lutigari (Ruffian and Machismo)" has a long history in the culture and social developments of Iran. The ancient origins and cause of this social phenomenon is as old as the history of "chivalry", and it can be traced in the ancient Iran and agility culture and the Islamic generosity. This rooted social phenomenon with many ups and downs in history, during the Qajar period gradually turned to decline. Apart from a series of moral and social evaluations, the Luti's role in political and social developments in Iran during the Qajar period is very important in terms of social and local history. We try to take advantage of some sociological theories, especially the theory of "functionalism" and "deviations" while recognizing their social identities to review their practices and explain the necessity of their presence in the political upheavals and rebellions between 1240 to 1265 AH. The results show that Lutian in the big cities of Iran, especially in Isfahan, the largest and most important city of Iran in the thirteenth AH/ the nineteenth century AD were always present in insurgencies and the most pioneering and influential bands of the army and some underprivileged classes of society in the fight against the government. The dimensions of the rebellion in the above mentioned years during the reign of Fath Ali Shah, Mohammad Shah and and the beginning of Naseroddin Shah's regime and the killings and bloodshed shows the depth of these incidents. Despite the fact that during the Qajar period Lutian were relegated gradually from their attractive position to protect the legacy of chivalry into a weapon in the hands of those influential groups, but studying the role of this social phenomenon in social and cultural life of Iranian cities, enriches studies in the field of social and local history studies and is also very important in the promotion of social history of Iran.
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Volume 2, Issue 4 , November 2014, , Pages 99-114
Shahrbanou Delbari; Abolfazl Hassanabadi; Hojjat Mohammadi motlagh
Abstract
Khorasan highway was the most important connecting route of Iran since the second century A. H up to the Mongols invasion. It connected Khorasan, Transoxiana, and Turkistan to the west part of Iran and Mesopotamia. This highway had different branches, one of these branches passed the distance between ...
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Khorasan highway was the most important connecting route of Iran since the second century A. H up to the Mongols invasion. It connected Khorasan, Transoxiana, and Turkistan to the west part of Iran and Mesopotamia. This highway had different branches, one of these branches passed the distance between Neyshabur and Bastam i.e Jovain. This route well received and was taken more than its parallel rout by travelers (i.e Neyshabur-Sabzevar-Bastam). This research studied the economic-cultural effects of the road on Jovian. The findings showed that locating a lot of villages along the road provided foodstuff for the travelers and fodder for their animals. It could be the main reason for their choice. On the other hand, this road provided a good opportunity for trading, importing and exporting local goods. This contributed to the prosperity of the region. Also, some scholars and great men who traveled by this road stayed there for a short time and this too had a cultural effect on Jovian. Traveling easily to Neyshabur at East and Rai at West was another advantage of taking this route.
Volume 1, Issue 2 , February 2013, , Pages 105-113
Morteza Mirdar; Javad Arabani; Mojtaba Soltani Ahmadi
Abstract
Reza Shah ruled over Iran for 16 years (1925- 1941). The fundamental shift in the status of land ownership system was, in comparison with previous eras, the most important feature of the era of his reign. Such an extensive shift was unprecedented before Reza Shah’s reign. As a matter of fact, land, ...
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Reza Shah ruled over Iran for 16 years (1925- 1941). The fundamental shift in the status of land ownership system was, in comparison with previous eras, the most important feature of the era of his reign. Such an extensive shift was unprecedented before Reza Shah’s reign. As a matter of fact, land, land ownership, and landlord classes played very important roles in sociopolitical developments of previous eras. However, Reza Shah did not have landlord ancestors. Due to the extensiveness of Reza Shah’s lands and properties, the Office of Royal Properties was established in order to handle the affairs of these properties. Initiatives associated with the activities of Office of Royal Properties resulted in some modernizations in northern regions of Iran, especially in Mazandaran Province; nevertheless, these initiatives led to severe violation of people’s rights in those regions. The present research is focused on specifying Reza Shah’s motivations and methodologies which enabled him to seize and register extensive properties in Mazandaran for himself during his reign.
Lida Mavadat; Javad Mousavi Dalini
Volume 5, Issue 9 , March 2017, , Pages 107-124
Abstract
The weakness of the Abbasid Caliphate and the existence of the internal disputes of Al-e Buyeh dynasty led to the establishment of local rulers in the western Iran. The Bani ‘Anāz family were local Kurds who had ruled over a vast areas of the western Iran the years between 1381 and 511 (AH). The ...
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The weakness of the Abbasid Caliphate and the existence of the internal disputes of Al-e Buyeh dynasty led to the establishment of local rulers in the western Iran. The Bani ‘Anāz family were local Kurds who had ruled over a vast areas of the western Iran the years between 1381 and 511 (AH). The problem of the current study is the way of Bani ‘Anāz rule formation, its expansion, and its relations with the great Seljuk reign.
The findings of the current study suggest that Abolfath and Abolshuk, the first two Bani ‘Anāz Amirs, by establishing and stabilizing the said rule played a significant role in political changes. But the existence of the power gap between the members of the Bani ‘Anāz rule caused this family became highly vulnerable against the attacks of Uzbek Turkmen. Thus, the Seljuks by adopting aggressive policy and by benefiting from internal disputes of the Bani ‘Anāz reign, rendered the said dynasty submissive. For these reasons, the Bani ‘Anāz rule, through joining into the Seljuk’s power, was collapsed in 511.
The current paper, through application of the analytic-descriptive method and library documentations as well as by emphasizing on the primary resources, attempts to analyze the Bani ‘Anāz ruling acts and its relation with the Seljuks.
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Volume 4, . , October 2016, , Pages 71-79
Abstract
During World War I, Iran was attacked by two countries: Britain and Germany. These two countries, in line with their own interests, arrived in the southern Iran and the Fars province as well, and the foresaid province changed into the chess game between these two superpowers, and both countries, by taking ...
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During World War I, Iran was attacked by two countries: Britain and Germany. These two countries, in line with their own interests, arrived in the southern Iran and the Fars province as well, and the foresaid province changed into the chess game between these two superpowers, and both countries, by taking some measures, were trying to checkmate the opponent. Politically, in the Qajar Persia, there were various factors that facilitate the involvement of both Britain and Germany in Iran: Military failure in preserving the territorial integrity of the Qajar rule, geographical position of Iran, disrupting trade routes of the southern Iran, and the importance of India to British government. The current research, through benefiting from inductive and library approaches, attempts to study the policies of these two countries in the Fars province during World War I.
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Volume 4, اول , February 2016, , Pages 80-92
Abstract
Oil nationalization movement had a decisive influence on Iran's contemporary history and the clerics played an important role in this field. So, this article is going to evaluate the role of Esfahan’s clerics in that period of history and answer the following questions. How much the clerics were ...
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Oil nationalization movement had a decisive influence on Iran's contemporary history and the clerics played an important role in this field. So, this article is going to evaluate the role of Esfahan’s clerics in that period of history and answer the following questions. How much the clerics were involved in mobilization and leading the popular movements in favor of the oil nationalization movement? What outcomes could they bring for the religious forces? Were they be able to attract the young generations’ attention and trust for the next struggle? Studying these questions is based on this theory that the clerics were highly influential in the society of those previous days. This is a descriptive and analytical article which is done based on archive, library and field research sources. Research findings show that Esfahan’s religious forces were able to simulate the popular movements, therefore, Ayatollah Kashani used this power for the benefit of movement. But after a dispute between the leaders of the movement, most clerics turned away from doctor Mosaddegh for different reasons including the increasing power of Tudeh party and took a conservative action against coup. Observing this attempt, most the young were disappointed from “power of religion” to continue the fight against dictatorship. This trend continued until the arrival of Ayatollah Khomeini in politics.
Volume 1, Issue 1 , September 2012, , Pages 86-105
Abstract
Abstract
In Sistan province Land has always been one of the most important factors of historical events and changes, so that during the centuries it has caused an ancient, consistent, everlasting landholding system conforming to the environmental, social and economic situations. This process had continued ...
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Abstract
In Sistan province Land has always been one of the most important factors of historical events and changes, so that during the centuries it has caused an ancient, consistent, everlasting landholding system conforming to the environmental, social and economic situations. This process had continued to Naser-al-dinshah time in the beginning of his era, lands of Sistan have been announced as properties owned by the government and were rented to the military generals and tribal chiefs (special tenants). With this change all different kinds of ownerships were deleted. This method had practiced till 1311 of solar year (1932), but in that year by the government order some changes have been made in that method and lands of Sistan were announced as rental shares and were given to the native residents of Sistan province (public tenants). This method of tenancy had governed the land system of that area for 5 years from 1311-1316 (1932-1937). In 1316 (1937) the cabinet had approved the law of selling the lands of Sistan province, but this action had not ended the problems of lands and regional quarrels and had some consequences. Those endeavors had coincided the government’s efforts to reduce the power of military general landholders. In general the changes of land ownership in Sistan in Pahlavi I era can be categorized in three periods; tenancy, managing, and private. In this essay it has been tried to answer these questions: Why land reforms were made by Pahlavi I? What were the backgrounds and basis of land reform? What were the consequences of land reform and how the roles of land holders in the changes of this period are analyzed?
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Volume 6, . , March 2018, , Pages 101-124
Abstract
Shortly after the formation of the National Assembly, many problems occurd in the social, political and economic sheres. These problems brought in security in different areas, including local unrest and riots in different parts of the country. Due to the vacuum of power and under the influence of other ...
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Shortly after the formation of the National Assembly, many problems occurd in the social, political and economic sheres. These problems brought in security in different areas, including local unrest and riots in different parts of the country. Due to the vacuum of power and under the influence of other factors, incesrity was created in the communication paths of different cities and their surroundings, which was not excluded by Isfahan. Robbery and predatory plunderings in the urban and suburban routes transformed the area into one of the centeral insecure areas. Reza Khan Jozdani was one of those rebels whose activities and revolt continued from 1329-1337 AH/1911-1919 AD. What caused Reza Khan Jozdani’s viciousness? How did his performance caused insecurity around Isfahan, and why can he be considered as a rebel and his activities as rebellion? are the main questions of this research. The present study, in addition to answering the above questions, investinges and analyzez the rebellion of Reza khan Jozdani in Isfahan. It seems that factors such as famine, the prevalence of contagious diseases, the lack of powerful ruler and the interference of foreigners in Iran have led to the growth of robbery looting, and rumors that Reza Khan Jozdani was one its products.
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Volume 3, Issue 3 , February 2015, , Pages 104-121
Abstract
Yazd since the Timurid period has witnessed the rise of great historians in the field of local historiography. Local historiography in Yazd has got its roots and grew from local historiography of Fars and simultaneously with the development of a political power that it took place almost for the first ...
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Yazd since the Timurid period has witnessed the rise of great historians in the field of local historiography. Local historiography in Yazd has got its roots and grew from local historiography of Fars and simultaneously with the development of a political power that it took place almost for the first time in history the first book of Yazd local historiography was published. At the beginning of the ninth century, the tradition of historiography had grown in Yazd and valuable works of local historiography emerged. These works had all the general features of local histories, but the difference is that their sense of independence has been highlighted and the main focus of the authors of local history was on monuments of Yazd and their builders. However they paid attention to the political history as well. In this study, it has been tried to find the answer to the following questions by using primary sources and analytical and descriptive method: What were the main reasons for the growth of local historiography of this period? Who were the authors and the readers of those books? The answer seems to be that the political independence and founded a local dynasty had a major role in this regard and support of the political rulers of the authors of these works has provided the development. On the other hand, the economic boom has provided the groundwork for education and many writers have emerged in the field of historical texts and followed by the desire to read the works among the middle class expanded.
Mojtaba Ashraf; Eskandar Kiani Shavandi
Volume 6, . , March 2018, , Pages 109-122
Abstract
In the long period of time, Iran society was consist of a set of Eilat and settled and urban communities. Although power was in the hands of Eilat but it was the Iranian culture and civilization which dominant Gulf Arab Fars are one of the Confederate tribes of the Khamse that played an important role ...
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In the long period of time, Iran society was consist of a set of Eilat and settled and urban communities. Although power was in the hands of Eilat but it was the Iranian culture and civilization which dominant Gulf Arab Fars are one of the Confederate tribes of the Khamse that played an important role in the transfer of power in southern Iran, especially from the Qajar period. Continuity of residence in the Iranian Plateau led the tribe to know as a part of the Iranian tribes. The Khamse influenced by the interaction with other tribes living in the Iranian plateau and urban communities were set up ancient Iranian customs, and despite ethnic differences, they identify themselves as a part of the Iranian national identity. This research tries to investigate the components of Iranian identity formed in the Arab Fars tribes. This study seeks to answer these question that; What is the relation of the Arab Khamseh tribes with Iranian identity and culture? how this identity and culture in the tribe is formed and what are its components? The study indicate that in terms of living location, these people were in the heart of Iranian civilization and because of proximity to tribal and ethnic groups, they found Iranian identity and temperament, in which cultural characteristics, traditions, and elements of Iranian identity could be seen among this tribe. The methodology of this paper is analytical - descriptive based on Library resources, empirical study, and oral interviews
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Volume 5, . , March 2017, , Pages 111-122
Abstract
Contrary to the current view that the state of Azerbaijan has no local historiography in the early centuries, and the beginning of it is attributed to later periods, the beginning of the local historiography of Azerbaijan has coincided with the other regions. In the surviving lists, it can be seen some ...
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Contrary to the current view that the state of Azerbaijan has no local historiography in the early centuries, and the beginning of it is attributed to later periods, the beginning of the local historiography of Azerbaijan has coincided with the other regions. In the surviving lists, it can be seen some scattered and temporary references to such histories. The local historiography of Azerbaijan began from the news of the conquests and continued throughout the next centuries with ups and downs; but most of these works were eliminated in the events of the time. Meanwhile, the factors influencing the development and continuity of the local historiography of Azerbaijan in some of the components have similarities and differences with other regions of Iran. The current study tried to investigate the course of local historiography of the city from the beginning of its formation to the onset of contemporary historiography by using descriptive- analytical method and using library resources. In addition to identifying the causes and areas of influence, clarifies its differences with other regions, and to answer the basic question of when began the local historiography in Azerbaijan and what are reasons for it?
Seyed Ahmad Aghili; Aliakbar Jafari; Karim Najafi Barzegar
Abstract
Among the important issues of Zandieh’s history is the review and analysis of Karim Khan’s activities in various aspects of government, especially in terms of his social and economic measures. Most of Zandieh historical sources introduced Karim Khan’s establishment in Shiraz as a period ...
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Among the important issues of Zandieh’s history is the review and analysis of Karim Khan’s activities in various aspects of government, especially in terms of his social and economic measures. Most of Zandieh historical sources introduced Karim Khan’s establishment in Shiraz as a period of social peace and economic security. The extent to which this attitude of resources can be versified is the main purpose of this study. The present paper, by descriptive-analytical method, is based on historical primary sources, which leads to the research approach that the social peace and economic security of the Karim Khan’s period, which historical sources recall, are not in line with the historical realities of that period, and, taking into account some components, this is said to be the source of doubt. Karim Khan's actions only occurred in the capital, and this view could not be accepted about other areas under the influence of Karim Khan. Even his performance in the city of Shiraz according to the factors mentioned in the paper, should be regarded as relative and temporary in order to be more in line with historical reality.
Seyyed Hassan Hosseini; Javad Abbasi
Abstract
With the establishment of the Ismaili government in central Alborz in Alamut, a new neighboring power for the local and archaic communities in Mazandaran emerged that affected the regional power and territorial sovereignty of this local dynasty. This article answers the question of what factors influenced ...
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With the establishment of the Ismaili government in central Alborz in Alamut, a new neighboring power for the local and archaic communities in Mazandaran emerged that affected the regional power and territorial sovereignty of this local dynasty. This article answers the question of what factors influenced the relationship between the two local powers? The results show that the political and religious struggles of these two governments in the fifth to seventh centuries AH created more relations based on competition and hostility between them. The evolution of relations between these two governments was influenced by different factors and conditions. These factors included the desire to expand or retain territory, ideological and religious differences, the influence of third powers such as the Seljuks and Mongols, the asylum seeking of the members of ruling family, and the use of Ismaili opposition killing policy. The present article seeks to highlight these factors using a descriptive-analytical approach to provide a more detailed and coherent perspective on the relationship between these two important regional powers in the fifth to seventh centuries AH.
