Iran Local Histories
Mohamadali Nemati; Fazlollah Fouladi
Abstract
During the first Pahlavi era, Iran’s administrative structure underwent a fundamental change. Reza Shah attempted to creat a modern centralized government in a different way, Reza Shah, following the example of the West and with the help of some intellectuals disillusioned with the constitution, ...
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During the first Pahlavi era, Iran’s administrative structure underwent a fundamental change. Reza Shah attempted to creat a modern centralized government in a different way, Reza Shah, following the example of the West and with the help of some intellectuals disillusioned with the constitution, tried to establish a modern and centralized government in a new style.. Due to its strategic significance, Lorestan, received special attention from his government. Lorestan was in a very chaotic state, during the rise of the first Pahlavi, it was almost completely traditional and Illyrian, and orders from the central government had no bearing there. From the time military forces first arived in 1302 until Reza Shah’s reign came to an end, The central government’s initiatives to establish government departments This research seeks to answer the question of how new government departments were established in Lorestan during the Reza Shah period . A descriptive and analytical approach was used to prepared this research, which was based on library sources, newspapers, and documents. The results of this study show that in the first step, the central government gradually relocated tribes and nomads through the use of military force, and through reforms such as land division and road construction, laying the foundation for the establishment of various government departments. In the second step, departments such as the municipality, judiciary, roads and streets, and document registration were established based on wisdom of civilian rulers.
mohsen Rahmati
Abstract
Several Atabeg dynasties emerged in different parts of Iran in the second half of the 6/12th century as a result of the weakness of the Seljuqs. One of which was formed by the elders of the Afshar tribe in the region of Khuzestan and Lorestan. One of their chiefs, Shumleh, entered the Seljuqid court ...
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Several Atabeg dynasties emerged in different parts of Iran in the second half of the 6/12th century as a result of the weakness of the Seljuqs. One of which was formed by the elders of the Afshar tribe in the region of Khuzestan and Lorestan. One of their chiefs, Shumleh, entered the Seljuqid court and went to Khuzestan in the political turmoil after the death of the Seljuqid Sultan Masud in 547 A.H. With the support of some of the Seljuqid princes, he founded the new Atabeg dynasty in this area, which may be named the Banu Shumleh dynasty after its founder. In this descriptive-analytical research, the establishment, legitimization, stabilization and finally the decline of this lesser known dynasty will be investigated.The findings show that the weakness of the Seljuqid and the favorable political activity of the Atabeg institution were conducive to the presence of Afshars in power struggles. The rulers of this dynasty sought to gain the necessary legitimacy to consolidate and maintain their power by the establishment of social security in the territory and setting up friendly or contentious relations with the existing powers, such as the Seljuqid court, the Abbasid caliphate and the Atabegs of Azerbaijan and Atabegs of Fars.However, the dynasty was overthrown following pointless conflicts with neighboring governments, the weakness of the Shumleh’s successors and various economic, political, and social problems.
Jahangir Khosravi Shakib; Soheila Torabi Farsani; alireza abtahi
Abstract
Choosing name for companies, Institutions, schools, and public universities in any government is related to its ideology. No doubt, any choice is appropriate to the views, thoughts and opinions of the authorities or decision-makers of that government. In other words, the survey of public schools’ ...
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Choosing name for companies, Institutions, schools, and public universities in any government is related to its ideology. No doubt, any choice is appropriate to the views, thoughts and opinions of the authorities or decision-makers of that government. In other words, the survey of public schools’ names is to study the ideology governing that society. The objective of this paper is to analyze the selected names for the schools of Lorestan province during the Pahlavi era. In this regard it has to been tried to provide an answer to these questions by descriptive-analytic method and exploring archival documents: what’s the relationship between selected names and ruling politics? What titles have been used for Lorestan schools during the first and second Pahlavi periods? What are the effective factors in choosing the name of Lorestan schools? The findings of this research show that the general views of Pahlavi government with ideological components such as nationalism, emphasis on Persian language, Archaism and centralization, -through government officials and agencies and departments of education- had a direct impact on choosing the name of schools in the province, and the type of school names in the first Pahlavi period is significantly different from the second, affected by historical events and the displacement of power.
Rohollah Bahrami; Shahab Shahidani
Abstract
The time of Naser al-Din Shah’s rule is the beginning of important developments in Iranian history and the expansion of communication with European countries and the exploitation of Western technical and technological patterns. One of these tools was the telegraph and their specific buildings telegraph ...
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The time of Naser al-Din Shah’s rule is the beginning of important developments in Iranian history and the expansion of communication with European countries and the exploitation of Western technical and technological patterns. One of these tools was the telegraph and their specific buildings telegraph offices. This led to the formation of a new type of historical documents. These documents opened a new chapter in the history of contemporary history, in particular local history, including the recording local reports of local reports with new forms of modern communication. Based on this, the present study, based on the texts, historical documents and manuscripts, using a descriptive-analytical method, is to answer the following questions: How was the process of establishing and developing telegraph offices in Lorestan during the Naseri era? And how did the development of telegraph lines affect the process of Naserid political focus? The findings of the research have shown that Lorestan with a mountainous nature and inhabitants of Iliyat, has been one of the most unsettled countries and provinces of Iran until the Naseri time, and the control and influence of central power in it was very unstable and in this situation, the development of telegraph lines could have made a major change in the availability of central power to the region and its security in the Naseri era. The role of the telegraph as a communication and awareness tool was soon revealed for Naser al-Din Shah, agents and governors of the provinces in the Lorestan region. In addition, the telegraph on the formation and production of historical awareness and documents in the oral and nomadic society of Lorestan has provided important resources and documents that are of great importance.
Mansuor Rahnavard; Mohammad Amir Sheikh Nouri; Nezam Ali Dehnavi
Abstract
The Governors of Lorestan and their subordinate tribes had a largely militant relationship with Zandieh rulers. Ismail Khan Feili, the most powerful governor of Lorestan during this period, was strongly opposed to the power of Karim Khan Zand And during his entire period of rule, he carried out many ...
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The Governors of Lorestan and their subordinate tribes had a largely militant relationship with Zandieh rulers. Ismail Khan Feili, the most powerful governor of Lorestan during this period, was strongly opposed to the power of Karim Khan Zand And during his entire period of rule, he carried out many wars with Khan Zand. In the period before and after Karim khancame to power, many of Lorestan elites obeyed their ruler, Ismail Khan, and in support of him, they entered the war with Karim Khan. After Ismail Khan's withdrawal from power and in the succession of his sons, Mohammad Khan and Assad Khan, the relations between these rulers and elites under their citizenship with the successors of Karim Khan were somewhat improved and their period of struggle changed to a period of good relations and reconciliation. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the rulers of the Philistines of Lorestan and the Zandieh rulers, which has been done through descriptive-analytical method. Findings of the research show that the dominant aspect of the relationship between the governorates of Fieli of Lorestan and Karim Khan Zand was a military and controversial conflict, and the struggle for power in the vacuum caused by Nadir Shah's death was effective in shaping this relationship. Although the failure of Ismail Khan Fieli against Karim Khan led to a change in the relationship to the peaceful period of late in Zandieh, but it did not last a long time.
Soraya kornokar; Zarife Kazemi
Volume 5, Issue 9 , March 2017, , Pages 125-138
Abstract
Reza Shah came to throne in Iran when the government of Iran was faced with the political and military weakness and also was the plaything of the powers of the north and south of the country, namely Russia and Britain. The tribes in the region had its own power and influence. Reza Khan, since the establishment ...
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Reza Shah came to throne in Iran when the government of Iran was faced with the political and military weakness and also was the plaything of the powers of the north and south of the country, namely Russia and Britain. The tribes in the region had its own power and influence. Reza Khan, since the establishment of the Ministry of War, was aware of these issues and attempted for the formation of a strong central rule. To create such a condition, he inevitably decreased state power. This issue was coincidence with the implementation of the disarmament, suppression, intimidation, exile and Takhteh Qapu of the rebel states. But since the obedience to such decrees was difficult for the tribes, they began to revolt against the time government. Among these tribes, was the Beyranvand tribe of Lorestan who had a key role in the riots against the government of the Qajar and Pahlavi. to achieve his goals, Reza Shah devoted a lot of time to suppress the tribe. Finally, they have no choice but to capitulate to the demands of the government.
This cross-sectional study, through a descriptive-analytic approach, intends to examines how the anti-tribal policies of Reza Shah and tribal struggles of Lorestan, particularly the Beyranvand tribe, deal with the government officers.
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Volume 4, اول , February 2016, , Pages 142-156
Abstract
A part of Iran's contemporary history should be studied associated with the states, territories and its inhabitants. Among them, Tarhan, located in Lorestan province in West part of Iran, has a traditional and nomadic lifestyles. The region was ruled by Omaraey dynasty rulers (Ghazanfari) in Qajar era. ...
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A part of Iran's contemporary history should be studied associated with the states, territories and its inhabitants. Among them, Tarhan, located in Lorestan province in West part of Iran, has a traditional and nomadic lifestyles. The region was ruled by Omaraey dynasty rulers (Ghazanfari) in Qajar era. While having relative internal independence, they had adopted central government. The theory of this study is about Tarhan, as a subset of Pishkooh in Lorestan, that had a significant role in both political and social sphere. This region became more important from the constitutional revolution to rise of Reza Shah. The period when several events such as Salarodowleh’s riot, British presence in the West and South with the aim of domination on oil and world war I occurred. The purpose of the study is assessment of the history of the region of Tarhan and Studying its position in the Qajar era using a descriptive - analytic method based on library and documentary text derived from National Archives. It is going to answer the following questions: what conditions did Tarhan have during Qajar era? What role did Tarhan play during those periods particularly in the events in the West of Iran? The result of this study shows that geographical location of Tarhan and its financial and military benefits for the Qajars made it become one of the most important tribal areas and according to the power of the rulers of the region and presence in events of this period, central government paid attention to this region very much.
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Volume 3, Issue 3 , February 2015, , Pages 52-66
Abstract
Over the course of twenty years of the reign of Reza Shah in Iran some measures were taken to modernize society that among the tribes, especially tribes of Lorestan province, nomadic tribes suffered the most changes. Reza Shah, regardless of the foundations of economic, cultural, military and governing ...
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Over the course of twenty years of the reign of Reza Shah in Iran some measures were taken to modernize society that among the tribes, especially tribes of Lorestan province, nomadic tribes suffered the most changes. Reza Shah, regardless of the foundations of economic, cultural, military and governing traditional nomadic society, decided to deal with these traditions. He first suppressed tribal revolts then disarmed them by force and forced to settle the nomads and imposed on them urban culture and traditions. Implementation of this policy is to disregard the requirements of tribal and nomadic life and lack of progress plan and in the operation field incorrect understanding of untrained performers who often took bribes and they were violent, led them to a serious failure tribal government policy of Pahlavi among nomadic Lor tribes. This paper examines how the political and military goals of his policies on traditional nomadic society of Lorestan were performed and identification and assessment of the consequences of these policies on the nomadic tribal communities of Lorestan, has been studied.
