Iran Local Histories
fatemeh jafarnia; Mohammad aziznegad; Ramezan Bidar
Abstract
Ziyad Oghli Qajar dynasty was among the important and influential families in the Caucasus who emerged from the transformation process of the political and administrative structure of the Safavid government. This dynasty developed from the Qajar tribe and gained power in Karabakh by the support of the ...
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Ziyad Oghli Qajar dynasty was among the important and influential families in the Caucasus who emerged from the transformation process of the political and administrative structure of the Safavid government. This dynasty developed from the Qajar tribe and gained power in Karabakh by the support of the Safavid kings. Ziyad Oghli dynasty was one of the most important advocates of the establishment and perpetuation of the political sovereignty of the Safavid state in the Caucasus. There is no clear picture of their political and military role in Karabakh during the reign of Shah Tahmasb I, and therefore, further studies is essential. This research attempted to answer the question: What was Ziyad Oghli dynasty’s role in the political developments of the Caucasus during the reign of Shah Tahmasb I? The findings showed that the Ziyad Oghli dynasty was responsible for the security and protection of the Safavid frontiers against the Ottomans. Moreover, they had to deal with Georgia's internal affairs and suppress the riots against the Safavid state in the eastern parts of Georgia. In other words, their most important role was to stabilize and perpetuate the political sovereignty of the Safavid state in the Caucasus.The research was a descriptive and analytical study.
Iran Local Histories
Zahra Ghanbari Maleh; maryam arabiun
Abstract
Astrabad province with the center of Astrabad city, with a very ancient history, was one of the most important states in most periods of Iran's history. It has been statesmen’s focus due to its suitable geographical and strategic location and actual economic facilities such as having fertile lands ...
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Astrabad province with the center of Astrabad city, with a very ancient history, was one of the most important states in most periods of Iran's history. It has been statesmen’s focus due to its suitable geographical and strategic location and actual economic facilities such as having fertile lands and its proximity to the powerful government of Russia, central Asia region, Khorasan state and Mazandaran sea. Therefore, the authors of this article are trying to investigate the economic and social situation of this city in the Qajar era and also economic developments including export and import of goods, the strategic role of Astrabad in the region, social development, ethnic groups living in the region, population, localities and civilizational structures and the variable fluctuations resulting from the developments. The results indicate that Astrabad was able to enjoy social and economic growth and development in the Qajar era due to its proximity to Russia and as a bridge in the distribution of goods in the region..
Iran Local Histories
Toktam Yarmohamadi; Friborz Veisi
Abstract
Songhar and Keliai is one of the fertile areas in Kermanshah that was considered by some influential families of this government during the Qajar period. They bought a lot of land in the area by buying people's property for a small price. Two of the great landowners of this region are Abdul Hussein Farmanfarma ...
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Songhar and Keliai is one of the fertile areas in Kermanshah that was considered by some influential families of this government during the Qajar period. They bought a lot of land in the area by buying people's property for a small price. Two of the great landowners of this region are Abdul Hussein Farmanfarma and Amanullah Khan Fath al-Sultan, the former being the Qajar prince and the latter one of the elders of the Sanghar district. Due to the financial crisis and the outbreak of the First World War, these landowners in the late Qajar period avoided timely payment of their land taxes. The government often appeased these people, but after the coup of 1299, especially after the prime ministership and reign of Reza Shah, they were severely audited. The main question of the present study is why the landowners in Sanghar had tax debts and how the Qajar and Pahlavi governments dealt with this issue. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and its reliance is on the documents related to two of the major landowners of Songor region. The findings of the study indicate that the owners of the Qajar period, due to the exemptions provided by the government and the influence they had in the court, refused to pay their taxes on time. But early in Reza's reign and reign, due to his need to fund his extensive reforms and renovations through taxation and his greed to seize their fertile lands, these landlords were severely audited..
Iran Local Histories
kamal zarifiyan manesh; fateme bineshi far
Abstract
The Qajar era was a period of evolution, development, and and growth in both quantity and quality. Ta’ziyeh underwent a number of changes during this time, including changes to both the content, and musical instruments. The Persian state, particularly the city of Shiraz, flourished during the Qajar ...
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The Qajar era was a period of evolution, development, and and growth in both quantity and quality. Ta’ziyeh underwent a number of changes during this time, including changes to both the content, and musical instruments. The Persian state, particularly the city of Shiraz, flourished during the Qajar era as a result of the religious context of Iranian society. Additionaly, the competition between government officials, nobles and elders, women, Clergy, and businessmen played a significant role in holding of Muharram mourning rituals, especially Ta’ziyeh. On this basis, they endowed Taziyeh’s location or covered its costs. These research attempts to address the desire problem by using the documentary method and document analysis by examining the role of endowment documents and their trustees in the Shiraz taziyeh adminidtration during Qajar period. According to the research’s findings, Shiraz’s Qajar-era society’s traditional and religiousfoundations as well as the local’s devotion to Ahl al-Bayt (AS) among its merchants, noble women, and government officials have played a significant role in the growthof Ta’ziyeh in Shiraz.
afarin tavakoli; Vajihe Forutan
Abstract
Isfahan lacked suitable sanitation during the Qajar era. Some significant issues were the lack of healthy drinking water, unsanitary baths, and sewage disposal. In the Zell-e-Sultan period, due to some corrective measures, the health condition of the city improved partly. Based on the documents, ...
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Isfahan lacked suitable sanitation during the Qajar era. Some significant issues were the lack of healthy drinking water, unsanitary baths, and sewage disposal. In the Zell-e-Sultan period, due to some corrective measures, the health condition of the city improved partly. Based on the documents, newspapers, and publications related to the subject and using descriptive-analytical and library methods, this article aimed to answer the questions of what changes the public health of Isfahan underwent around 1325-1285 AH, and what was the perception and approach of the elites and society towards it. The findings showed that the government performed reforms such as moving contaminated production centers like tanneries out of the city, paving dirt alleys, banning the transportation of corpses to Atabat, founding a city doctors' association, building hospitals, and efforts for the hygiene of water, sewage, and baths in Isfahan with the help of the elites. However, despite the measures and attempts of newspapers to increase public awareness in the field of modern health, this structure was not stable, which could be attributed to the society's general perception and approach, especially the rulers and elites, to the issue of health. Because the health measures of the government in this period should be explained in the form of ancient philosophy, the duty of the sultan to protect the subjects and prosperity of the country, and among the charitable works and the long-standing tradition of endowment in the society, not as one of the stable and infrastructural functions of the government.
akram khalilipour; Reza Afhami; Seyyed Mehdi Mousavi Kohper; Dariush Rahmanian Koshki
Volume 10, Issue 20 , October 2022, , Pages 131-144
Abstract
Social movements are the breaking point of the long-standing system of relations within space and its transformation in terms of meaning and production of new spaces. Therefore, the present study aims to find the transformation of space in one of the most important contemporary social movements, namely ...
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Social movements are the breaking point of the long-standing system of relations within space and its transformation in terms of meaning and production of new spaces. Therefore, the present study aims to find the transformation of space in one of the most important contemporary social movements, namely the Constitutional Revolution in the Qajar period, and show how the interaction between social/spatial affairs led to a change in the spatial concept of Tehran in that period. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between urban space and the events of the Constitutional Revolution and the symbolic transformation of urban spaces resulting from this social action. The method of the present study was historical-descriptive and the collecting data was done based on the library (documentary) and field (visiting buildings) methods. The results of the research show that in the Constitutional Revolution, three different stages of consumption, production, and spatial confrontation can be observed. In the first stage, events begin in the body of a space that is historically considered legitimate, and then social action creates and represents its spaces, and everyday spaces become part of a new symbolic system of urban space. In the third stage of the revolution, we are faced with the metamorphosis of the spatial concept, the change of the symbolic meaning of pre-existing spaces, and the attempt to occupy the designated spaces to confront the groups involved in the revolution.
Bagher Adelfar; Alie Javanmardi
Abstract
The Caspian Sea gradually experienced a new position in the Qajar era. The signing of the Turkmenchay Agreement and its commercial annexation further strengthened the position of Russian businessmen in Iran. After concluding a contract and following the actions of the Russians, much security and commercial ...
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The Caspian Sea gradually experienced a new position in the Qajar era. The signing of the Turkmenchay Agreement and its commercial annexation further strengthened the position of Russian businessmen in Iran. After concluding a contract and following the actions of the Russians, much security and commercial development was established in the Caspian Sea. Iran's rich resources of agricultural products including rice led to attract the attention of Russia. The main question is what is the position of northern rice in trade between Iran and Russia in this period? And what was the importance of the rice trade in the economic relations between Iran and Russia? Therefore, this research seeks to elucidate the position of rice trade in the northern regions of Iran in Iran-Russia trade relations during of the Qajar period according to library references and archival documents. Our research findings show due to Russia's proximity to Iran and the existence of the Caspian Sea waterway and the need of both countries for each other's products and materials have led to the development of trade between Iran and Russia. One of the trade items of Iran that had a good position in the trade relations between Iran and Russia was rice. At first, it was sufficient for internal consumption, but after the disease found in silkworms, the production of this product multiplied and replaced with silk. Although trade in this product fluctuated during times such as the famine and the October Revolution in Russia, as well as World War I, but the trade in this product continued.
shahram yousefifar; Masoumeh yadollahpour arabi
Abstract
Qajar dynasty Paid special attention to crown land as one kind of historical government landholding in Mazandaran region because of its unique natural position. According to Financial and official policies, government adopted different measures in crown lands (khalisa) including (increase or decrease) ...
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Qajar dynasty Paid special attention to crown land as one kind of historical government landholding in Mazandaran region because of its unique natural position. According to Financial and official policies, government adopted different measures in crown lands (khalisa) including (increase or decrease) and this has a great impact on landholding matters in that region. In this survey, the state of crown lands (khalisa) in Mazandaran during Qajar reign has been considered in terms of government Policy and its legal, economical and social consequences. The thesis question Follows as: how was the government policy in crown land affairs in Mazandaran? Why has the government performance changed periodically? What was its social and economical effects? Analysis of relevant data shows that the state of crown land in Mazandaran exposed to changes depending on general conditions. In the first half of Qajar dynasty, the policy of increasing area (in different ways) and variety of crown lands were adopted. Then in various reasons, The process of decreasing crown lands in different ways including has been accelerated in middle and late period. In this survey, the required data has collected from relevant references including first and second hand historical references and archives documents) and has analyzed in a qualitative way. Then prevailing patterns on process of changing crown lands have been extracted. The outcome of present survey not only represents a pattern for land holding history studies in Iran, but also introduces new field of study connected to this subject.
Reza Sha’abani; sina forouzesh; laleh erfani namin
Abstract
The effort of one of the strategic regions of Iran, located in the west of the Caspian Sea, has been very effective in determining the political borders due to its special position. Simultaneously with the extinction of the Safavids, most landowners, in an effort to protect their own interests, turned ...
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The effort of one of the strategic regions of Iran, located in the west of the Caspian Sea, has been very effective in determining the political borders due to its special position. Simultaneously with the extinction of the Safavids, most landowners, in an effort to protect their own interests, turned to the Russian government. After Nader Shah Afshar, a suitable ground was prepared for the formation of independent and semi-independent khanates, and during the reign of Karim Khan Zand, due to the peace in the borders, the Khans had unstable relations with the Russians. During the Qajar period, and especially at the same time with the conclusion of the Golestan and Turkmenchay treaties, which led to the division of the Talesh region, the position of the Khans towards Russia became more apparent. What are the reasons for the growing presence of Russians in the region and the turning away from the Iranian government in the political dispute between Iran and Russia? Attention to the level of power, domination and supervision of the then government of Iran in the effort on the one hand and the expansionist policy of Peter the Great on the other hand caused the Russians to pay unprecedented attention to the readers of the effort. According to the findings of the present study, this change of position has been affected by the conditions of colonial development in the world, the readers' sense of independence and lack of military and political supporters by the Iranian government. The present article seeks to investigate the political behaviors of the readers of Talesh in the Qajar period following the Iran-Russia wars and its impact on the outcome of the war using a descriptive-analytical method.
mohammad khodaverdi
Abstract
Being a Kalantar (police officer) was one of the important royal position in kerman in Qajar era and it was considered a high rank among official ranks in the state. The most important duty of a Kalantar was collecting taxes, providng discipline, security and supervision of food preparation and ...
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Being a Kalantar (police officer) was one of the important royal position in kerman in Qajar era and it was considered a high rank among official ranks in the state. The most important duty of a Kalantar was collecting taxes, providng discipline, security and supervision of food preparation and distribution among people. The presrnt research answers the following questions: what were the conditions for obtaining the position of Kalantar (police officer) during the Qajar period? How did they change the power structure of this position? In addition to investigating Kalantari duties, we also investigate the royal of a Kalantar in political and social changes in kerman society.To provide answers for the mentioned questions, analytical and descriptive methods, library sources and also papers published in Qajar era were used to study about Kalantar position in kerman. The research findings show that Kalantar was chosen by the ruler or governor of the state and this position passed among individuals in powerful tribes in kerman. Kalantari power structure decreased due to lake of qualification of Kalantars in doing their duties or supporting political riots and also tribal competitions to win this position and also arrival of other powerful groups. They paved the way for more poverty among people by collecting taxes and evaluating basic goods hastily and without consulting. Also their unwise reactions against Sheikhiyya sect and their opponents caused city riots.
Mohammad Reza Askarani
Abstract
Khuzestan has been one of the most developed parts of Iran and the capital of strong dynasties in different periods, but during the Qajar period it did not have any effect on its ancient development and this area had many problems. The history of civilization, the fertility of the land, the good weather ...
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Khuzestan has been one of the most developed parts of Iran and the capital of strong dynasties in different periods, but during the Qajar period it did not have any effect on its ancient development and this area had many problems. The history of civilization, the fertility of the land, the good weather and the way to the coast of the Free Sea are features that make thinking of the destruction of the situation in that period. The author tries to answer this question with the aim of identifying the political and social status of Khuzestan in the Nazarene period and using the "analytical descriptive" approach and using the "library" and "documentary" method: What factors contributed to the deterioration of Khuzestan's situation during Naser al-Din Shah? It is assumed that two categories of factors have caused political and social changes in Khuzestan: First, local factors such as tribal performance and the behavior of local rulers and other interventions of European colonists. This study shows that the performance of the Qajar government and the intervention of foreigners prevented the development of this area, and overcoming tribal life and inappropriate behavior of government officials, have been the political and social problems of Khuzestan in the Nazarene era.
Mojtaba Jokar; Reza Moeini Roudbali
Abstract
Lashani, as one of the small tribe of Fars, has gone through a tumultuous period . The tribe was first mentioned in the late sources of Safavid period when they participated in the fight against the Afghans. Gaining power by Karim khan Zand and his presence in the Fars province, they allied with him ...
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Lashani, as one of the small tribe of Fars, has gone through a tumultuous period . The tribe was first mentioned in the late sources of Safavid period when they participated in the fight against the Afghans. Gaining power by Karim khan Zand and his presence in the Fars province, they allied with him and constituted a part of his army. Early in the Qajar period, some groups of Lashanies were exiled to other areas and majority of them took refuge to Qashqai. In 1291, after the separation of the Qashqai, the tribe, which had been assigned as a Toyul (fief/feud) to Hekmat family, played a prominent role in the events of Fars, particularly in the struggle against the southern police. However, they played a prominent role in Fars events, especially in fighting against South Persia Rifles (S.P.R). This question has been raised: What role has this tribe played in the province of Fars from the late Safavid period to the end of the Qajar era? In response to this hypothesis, Lashani was a small tribe who had lived in Persia for many years before the Zand dynasty was formed, and in historical ups and downs when connected with people, governments and tribes of power influenced by developments and events in Fars. This study based on descriptive-analytical method and historical texts and field research set out to investigate role and status of Lashanies in Fars from late Safavid up to the end of Qajar dynasty.
Heshmatollah Azizi; Dariush Rahmanian; Houshang khosro Beigi; Mohammad Rostami
Abstract
the start of the Qajar government to the early 14th century, Persian Gulf ports and islands were often governed by the Fars governor and decentralized. But in Naseri era, since the foundation of a new institution, "Governing the Persian Gulf ports and Islands", in the year 1305 hegira, the running of ...
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the start of the Qajar government to the early 14th century, Persian Gulf ports and islands were often governed by the Fars governor and decentralized. But in Naseri era, since the foundation of a new institution, "Governing the Persian Gulf ports and Islands", in the year 1305 hegira, the running of all the regions was centrally governed by ports governor that was elected from the center. In this article, we will pay to the view on the formation method of this new founded institution with descriptive and analytical approach in Nasser’s Era The findings of this research show that in Nasseri Era with the appearance of aware men and experts like Amir Kabir and his actual performance in Persian Gulf and appointment of efficient governors in Fars and the support of southern traders, gradually made a revision in running in method of south ports. After a short period, the main result was the cancelling of port rental system which resulted in the foundation of ports governance and Persian Gulf islands with Bushehr in centre by Amin-al-soltan in 1305hegira. The foundation of the new institution as the center running of ports and south island countered a lot of the problems actually and desirable results were not obtained
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Volume 6, . , March 2018, , Pages 53-66
Abstract
Along with competition of tribal Afsharieh, Zandiyeh and Qajar members, the fight between two intellectual Shiite sides of Sufi Ne'matollāhī and Sharia scholars leading by Principal Mujtaheds in Kerman City was escalated and led to killing of Mushtaq Ali Shah and one of his followers. This division ...
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Along with competition of tribal Afsharieh, Zandiyeh and Qajar members, the fight between two intellectual Shiite sides of Sufi Ne'matollāhī and Sharia scholars leading by Principal Mujtaheds in Kerman City was escalated and led to killing of Mushtaq Ali Shah and one of his followers. This division was highly effective on the subsequent events of the city such as the capture of the city by Aqa Mohammad Khan Qajar, in the process of the consolidation coincident with Fath Ali Shah era, inevitably made itself close to the municipal bodies among which scholars and clergymen were considered the most powerful ones. This policy subjected Sofia to pressure and threat. During the reign of Mohammad Shah, the Sharia followers of Kerman challenged the Tariqa followers’ supremacy by the implementation of Sharia law. Explaining the events and expressing the consequences of this division is the subject of this study. Investigating the references and documents and analyzing historical data indicate the contention and conflict of these two influential groups of Kerman during the reign of the first three kings of the Qajar dynasty.
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Volume 6, . , March 2018, , Pages 125-136
Abstract
Qajar tribes until the foundation of the monarchy (1209 AH / 1502-1794 AH) have been influential for several conturies in Iranian events. The purpose of this paper is to identify the reasons for the continuation of Qajar residen ce in Estarabar, which is carriedout using a descriptine – analytical ...
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Qajar tribes until the foundation of the monarchy (1209 AH / 1502-1794 AH) have been influential for several conturies in Iranian events. The purpose of this paper is to identify the reasons for the continuation of Qajar residen ce in Estarabar, which is carriedout using a descriptine – analytical approach and a library method. The mainissue of the research is the reason for the establishment and continuation of Qajar residence in Estarabar. According to the author, contarary to the view of some contemporary scholar who consider forced displacement caused by Qajar settlement in this region, the way of establishing Qajar relations with neighboring tribes plays an essential role in their survival on the banks of the Gorgan River. It is assumed that the forced tranfar in safavid period was not the only factor in the continuation of Qajar’s presence, and the results of the surveys show that the intelligence of the Qajar lesders in turning the Turkmen threat to the opportunity and the way of their relationship with their neighbors was an important favtor in their continued presence in the Estarabad region. Unlike the tribes, migrated by force such as the Georgians the Lezgis, the Afghans, the kurds and the Lords, they became frienda with the Turkmen, and environmental features have also made it possible to plan the political strategy of this tribe to get into power.
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Volume 6, . , March 2018, , Pages 137-152
Abstract
The greatest proportion of renovations related to Abbas Mirza the Crown Prince was concentrated on military operation, presently expanded into new aspects including financial, administrative and bureaucratic, legal and judicial, sanitary, social and cultural issues, was restricted in the Crown Prince’s ...
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The greatest proportion of renovations related to Abbas Mirza the Crown Prince was concentrated on military operation, presently expanded into new aspects including financial, administrative and bureaucratic, legal and judicial, sanitary, social and cultural issues, was restricted in the Crown Prince’s ruling territory, Azerbaijan. Financial and constructional renovation, which assumed as the most important sections in reform after military renovations, were considered as the necessity of continuity Tanzimat. This essay has been implemented through the descriptive and analytical historical research methodology, based on the library researching method. The assumption tried to demonstrate how few elements including being limited in objective appearance and failing to provide new and continuous funds, cause serious difficulties in renovative operation. The research find out beside domestic opposition and foreign enemies, economic frustration comes from the war and lack of Shah’s financial support, failing to convince theoretically and ignoring to provide cultural context can be considered as the most important reason halting reforms.
Qobad Mansourbakht; Reza EbadiJamkhaneh; Reza Shabani
Volume 6, . , March 2018, , Pages 229-252
Abstract
Local historiography is a representation of the past on a local and regional scale. The characteristics of such research are thematic, time and space constraints, and this provides for a partial consideration and addressing the social history/ history of the descendant. Nowadays, scholars consider the ...
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Local historiography is a representation of the past on a local and regional scale. The characteristics of such research are thematic, time and space constraints, and this provides for a partial consideration and addressing the social history/ history of the descendant. Nowadays, scholars consider the history of this kind of historiography in Iran, even to the monographs of the period of Arab Muslim imperialism era. However, there is a distinction between traditional and modern local historiography, which has been illustrated in the local historiography of Etemad al-Saltaneh. In this regard, the main questions of the present research are: What practices of local historiography does Etemad al-Saltaneh have in his works? How are the indicaotrs of local historiography displayed in the works of Etemad Al-Sathaneh? What are the status of common people's lives in the local historiography of Etemad al-Saltaneh? Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the new features of the local history of Etemad al-Saltanah. The research method is a descriptive-analytic type and its research findings indicate that local historiography in the lateral dimension is one of the most characteristic features of the text in the works of Etemad al-Saltanah. The transverse look is the look of the wise in the history of the descendant, paying attention to the types of poverty, collecting the data in the field of study, observation and interviewing
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Volume 5, . , March 2017, , Pages 67-80
Abstract
The attack of Agha Mohammad Khan to Kerman had great security and political consequences. The increasing struggles made by local heads in southwestern Iran, created a risky situation to that extent that the possibility of Sistan’s separation was not cut off from Iran. This condition led central ...
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The attack of Agha Mohammad Khan to Kerman had great security and political consequences. The increasing struggles made by local heads in southwestern Iran, created a risky situation to that extent that the possibility of Sistan’s separation was not cut off from Iran. This condition led central authorities to send rulers from Qajar high- ranking princes to Kerman to establish security there and to reconstruct the city of kerman which a huge part of its urban foundations had been destroyed. During the Qajar ruling dynasty the process of establishing security by the Qajar rulers was put into agenda. The present study by focusing on how the process of the establishment of security and political administration of the Kerman state during the Qajar period, has been? The findings of the study reveal that the Qajar rulers, despite the existing local revolts, set out to establish security and to reconstruct the destroyed city of Kerman via appointing the high-ranking princes and experienced and skillful bureacrats of the Qajar dynasty.
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Volume 5, . , March 2017, , Pages 137-156
Abstract
The Kurdistan state of Qajar period, found its enlightened summit and position in the field of local history writings. The local histories are those types of histories which possess a strong ecosystem orientations. These kinds of histories, due to the look of historians from bottom to the top, involve ...
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The Kurdistan state of Qajar period, found its enlightened summit and position in the field of local history writings. The local histories are those types of histories which possess a strong ecosystem orientations. These kinds of histories, due to the look of historians from bottom to the top, involve a variety of contents and for this reason are of great significance in the social history studies. One of the best examples of these histories is the history of the Ouraman sultans. This book has been written with the focus on the history of the series of Ouraman sultans in the area of Ouraman of Kurdistan province. The Ouraman sultans family were originally from the dominant rulers of the Ouraman bloc, belonged to the blockades of the Kurdistan state of Iran and Sanandaj was its capital which was ruled under the leadership of the Kurd Ardalan family, until 1284 AH, The findings of the study show that among the works presented in Kurdistan state from the rise of the Qajar dynasty to the collapse of the Mozaffarid reign, with exception of the book ‘Tohfe-ye Naseri’ of Mirza Šokr-Allah Sanandaji who had some modern views on historiography, the rest of the histories, including the history of the Ouraman sultans have been written in the style of the traditional histories
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Volume 4, . , October 2016, , Pages 41-51
Abstract
The city of Shiraz, in the Qajar era, although lost its former importance, following the selection of Tehran as the capital of Iran and Tabriz as the crown prince residence. The Fars province as the capital of Zand government and for its location as the Crown Prince residence in early period of Qajar ...
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The city of Shiraz, in the Qajar era, although lost its former importance, following the selection of Tehran as the capital of Iran and Tabriz as the crown prince residence. The Fars province as the capital of Zand government and for its location as the Crown Prince residence in early period of Qajar domination as well as its closeness to the Persian Gulf, was of great significance in this era. Fars had special internal divisions and local organizational structure in the Qajar era that in course of this period changed. This paper, by using descriptive-analytical method, intends to answer the following questions: what were the most effective factors involving in the changing of the territorial area of the Fars state? and what type of political measures did the government take to stabilize power of the Qajar government in this state? In the reign of Mohammad Shah, because of the Fars governor’s rebellion,The central government reduced the power of the rulers as well as Limiting the territory of Fars. Central government used the state's traditional powers such as the kalantar ‘the officer’, to balance the power in this state.
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Volume 4, . , October 2016, , Pages 59-70
Abstract
Great game or competition between imperial expansionists, Russia and Britain, in the nineteenth century, to get the thorough control of the Central Asia, was the fact that Iran was unwillingly involved in it. Strategy, rules and tactics of the game, which are defined over the period of time and changed ...
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Great game or competition between imperial expansionists, Russia and Britain, in the nineteenth century, to get the thorough control of the Central Asia, was the fact that Iran was unwillingly involved in it. Strategy, rules and tactics of the game, which are defined over the period of time and changed in terms of conditional requirements, including the establishment of political representatives and consulates of the two powers in Iran. In the Qajar era, governments of Britain and Russia, after the establishment of the political representatives in Tehran, due to their benefits, attempted to inaugurate gradually the consulate in the city of Rasht which in the beginning of the twentieth century changed into the widespread networks throughout the country. The current study, through application of historical, descriptive, and analytical approaches as well as using library resources and archival documents, examines the causes of the establishment of the consulate in Rasht and functions assigned to it. This study shows that the inauguration of the consulate in Rasht by England or Russia are more due to the political and strategic goals of these two governments than any other elements.
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Volume 3, Issue 6 , October 2015, , Pages 5-22
Abstract
At the beginning of the Qajar government Balochistan was caught in the chaos caused by the conflict of local Khans. A large part of this region that has always been a part of the historical geography of Iran finally broke through the intervention of the United Kingdom.
The researcher is trying to find ...
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At the beginning of the Qajar government Balochistan was caught in the chaos caused by the conflict of local Khans. A large part of this region that has always been a part of the historical geography of Iran finally broke through the intervention of the United Kingdom.
The researcher is trying to find an appropriate response to the question whether at the beginning of the Qajar rule could they consolidate the central government in Balochistan? Another question is during the reign of Fath Ali Shah and Mohammad Ali Shah who had a role in the political scene of the government? The assumption is that local conflicts in Balochistan that were rooted in the middle history of Iran, did not give the chance of consolidation of Iranian sovereignty over the region after the collapse of the Safavid and Afshari Dynasty, and the British government also tried to take the advantage of the political uncertainty for its the imperial greed.
The present study by using “historical descript and analyses” method shows that Balochestan was the center of different unrests at the beginning of the Qajar period, and the British government tried to use the opportunity to increase the chaos with sectarian. Qajar because of the conflict with Russia and the UK government and the incompetence of some officials failed to fully establish Iran's sovereignty over these areas.
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Volume 3, Issue 3 , February 2015, , Pages 6-18
Abstract
Boyer Ahmad is one of the old Iranian tribes and the greatest tribe of Lor who live from Behbahan to the foothills of Dena mountain. In Qajar era a lot of events had happened in their socio-political life of this tribe that only a few of them were recorded in local songs. Since the late of Zandieh ...
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Boyer Ahmad is one of the old Iranian tribes and the greatest tribe of Lor who live from Behbahan to the foothills of Dena mountain. In Qajar era a lot of events had happened in their socio-political life of this tribe that only a few of them were recorded in local songs. Since the late of Zandieh until the end of the reign of Naser-o-Dinshah several famous people of Boyer Ahmad such as Hadi Khan, Shaheen Khan, were the local authority of the region and that part of their political events are reflected in the Requiem, which was written in their grief and was carved on gravestones. Khoda Karam Khan Boyer Ahmadi had a close friendship with famous governors of Fars province such as Farhad Mirza Moetamed-o-Dowla and his son Sultan Owais Mirza Ehtesham-o-Dowla, was a local famous poet and some parts of the events of Boyer Ahmad are reflected in his poetry. Other unknown poets describe the events of the day - especially wars KhodaKaram Khan and his descendants – have written a lot of poems and a few have been recorded and transmitted orally, chest by chest. What remains to this day in local and traditional literature, suggests that important events and influential personalities are reserved and reflected in the mind and language of the public and poets of this tribe. Poems and songs are available both in Persian and in the local dialect (= Lory of Boyer Ahmad). This article is based on research of historical and descriptive - analytical, to reflect historical events of Boyer Ahmad at the desired interval. Some parts of the poems that were studied in this article were earlier in some local resources and other parts were the result of the author's field research, developed. The supposition of the article is that Boyer Ahmadians about important political, social, and military events and big and famous personalities wrote poems and epic poems. As a result, it must be known that Boyer Ahmadians have had a special folk literature about important historical events and influential people, that is a small part of the culture and customs of the public.
