pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
yadolah arsalani; Abolfazl Razavi; badrosadat alizademoghadam; Yazdan Farrokhi
Abstract
The Murshidiya was founded in the 4th century of Hijri in Kazeroon by Sheikh Abu Ishaq (d. 426 AH). This doctrine paid special attention to trade, according to the teachings, the ruling attitude of monastic centers and its strategic and geographical location of bio-ecosystem. The present article aims ...
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The Murshidiya was founded in the 4th century of Hijri in Kazeroon by Sheikh Abu Ishaq (d. 426 AH). This doctrine paid special attention to trade, according to the teachings, the ruling attitude of monastic centers and its strategic and geographical location of bio-ecosystem. The present article aims to examine the nature and strategy of Murshidiya’s commercial activities in the Timurid period and the contexts and consequences of the commercial life of the followers of this doctrine, taking into account their relations with the ruling political system. It tries to answer the question that what was the influence of the monastic and service network of devotees, the strategic position and business prosperity in the living areas of Murshidiya, in addition to strengthening the business beliefs among the followers of this doctrine in the pursuit of business and the prosperity of business activities. It was carried out with a descriptive-analytical approach. The result shows that due to the commercial position of Kazeroon, the intersection of commercial routes and the access to the Persian Gulf, Sheikh Abu Ishaq’s holiness, commercial teachings in Murshidiya’s teachings, providing intermediate services to merchants and travelers and needys, as well as the government's attention to doctrines in this era, have been the important factors in the prosperity of business among the followers of this doctrine and, accordingly, the Timurid era.
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
abbasali ahmadi; Alireza Enteshari Najafabadi
Abstract
Most of the palaces of Iran's Islamic period belonged to later periods, and there are few remains of the palaces of the early Islamic centuries. Considering this deficiency and in the absence of archeological excavations, this research aims to explore and recognise the palaces and gardens of the early ...
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Most of the palaces of Iran's Islamic period belonged to later periods, and there are few remains of the palaces of the early Islamic centuries. Considering this deficiency and in the absence of archeological excavations, this research aims to explore and recognise the palaces and gardens of the early Islamic centuries of Isfahan, as one of the important centers of Iranian civilization between the first and 5th centuries of Hijri. It has been carried out by using historical sources and some contemporary researches and it tries to examine the situation of Isfahan in terms government buildings and noble palaces and gardens and identity their owners and location. The results showed that many palaces were built in Isfahan in the early Islamic centuries. They are divided into two categories: government palaces and gardens and private palaces and gardens. Since the first until third century of Hijri, government examples belonged to arab rulers and private examples mainly belonged to arab nobles. In the 4th and early 5th centuries of Hijri, with the selection of Isfahan as one of Al-e-Bouyeh's government centers, government and private palaces were mainly given to the members of this family. Although the change of the urban center of Isfahan from Jey to Yahudiyeh during the studied centuries, led to a change in the place of government examples; however, palaces and private gardens were built in both time periods, mainly on the edge of the river and the coast of Zayandehrud..
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
mohammad shoormeij; Fatemeh Rahmatpoor
Abstract
TThe current research aimed to investigat the impact of Pahlavi period historical monuments in Ramsar city on the growth and sustainable development of tourism. It has been done by using historical sources and field and questionnaire methods. According to the information and statistics obtained from ...
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TThe current research aimed to investigat the impact of Pahlavi period historical monuments in Ramsar city on the growth and sustainable development of tourism. It has been done by using historical sources and field and questionnaire methods. According to the information and statistics obtained from the questionnaires distributed among the native community in the second half of 1401 and interviews with competent persons, it can be concluded that along with the natural attractions of Ramsar, the beautiful and attractive historical buildings of the Pahlavi period, have increased the tourists’ stay time in the city and has become a factor for creating employment and earning income for the local community. The findings of the research show that the annual increase in the arrival of tourists to Ramsar has a direct relationship with the historical monuments of this city. The native community of the region also supports cultural-historical tourism and in case of principled planning and legal and efficient management in the maintenance and restoration of historical monuments, it will become a sustainable tourism, that its important result is the creation of employment for the young generation and earning more income for the tradesmen, the market and the indigenous people of the region.
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
Hamidreza Peighambari; Hossein Badamchi
Abstract
In the late third millennium BCE, the Persian Gulf and its surrounding regions—particularly Dilmun, Marḫaši, Magan, and Meluḫḫa —gained significant prominence in the royal inscriptions, economic records, and literary texts of Mesopotamia. These sources highlight the wealth and ...
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In the late third millennium BCE, the Persian Gulf and its surrounding regions—particularly Dilmun, Marḫaši, Magan, and Meluḫḫa —gained significant prominence in the royal inscriptions, economic records, and literary texts of Mesopotamia. These sources highlight the wealth and power of the region’s inhabitants and underscore the establishment of dynamic trade networks, alongside efforts to exert control over these areas. This research, conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach, aims first to outline the historical geography of the region. By analyzing historical documents alongside archaeological evidence, it explores then the factors behind the region's renown and strategic importance. The findings indicate that terrestrial trade routes became increasingly unsafe and disrupted during this period due to ongoing wars and hostilities between Mesopotamia, Elam, and their allies. Consequently, merchants shifted to maritime trade routes to access goods from the Iranian plateau and the Indus Valley. Despite the challenges and dangers of seafaring, the significant economic advantages it offered drew the interest of Sumerian and Akkadian rulers. This study concludes that the wealth and fame of these intermediary regions stemmed largely from their pivotal role in facilitating Persian Gulf trade.
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
masoumeh hanifeh; Mohammad Amir Sheikhnouri
Abstract
The Gilan region, positioned as a bridge between Iran and its northern neighbors, has always been susceptible to modernizing influences. The modernization of women in Gilan gained momentum following the Constitutional Revolution and the subsequent establishment of girls' schools. This process further ...
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The Gilan region, positioned as a bridge between Iran and its northern neighbors, has always been susceptible to modernizing influences. The modernization of women in Gilan gained momentum following the Constitutional Revolution and the subsequent establishment of girls' schools. This process further accelerated with the emergence of women's societies in Rasht, notably the "Peyk Sa’adat Nesvan Society," managed by Roshanak No’doust and active from 1300 to 1310 (Iranian calendar). The question arises as to what impact the Peyk Sa'adat Nesvan magazine had on the cultural and social life of Rasht women? The findings suggest that the magazine aimed to foster self-confidence among women, promote modern education, and combat societal injustices. The analysis employs historical methodologies and descriptive-analytical approaches. Utilizing articles from the magazine, archival materials, and library resources, the study examines key indicators including education, maternal health, employment, and marriage. .
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
Mahmood Sadeghi Alavi
Abstract
Imamzadeh Ali Ibn Bagher is one of the most famous Imamzadehs of Kashan region that despite his fame and importance, not much scientific historical research has been done on him. Diwan Abulreza Ravandi is one of the oldest written sources that provides researchers useful information about him and can ...
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Imamzadeh Ali Ibn Bagher is one of the most famous Imamzadehs of Kashan region that despite his fame and importance, not much scientific historical research has been done on him. Diwan Abulreza Ravandi is one of the oldest written sources that provides researchers useful information about him and can be studied as a historical document. Analytical investigation of Ravandi's references to the imamzadeh in various poems is the issue of interest in this research. By analyzing the historical data of Rawandi in relation to Ali Ibn Bagher in the three areas of lineage, tomb and age, as well as some hadiths attributed to the imamzadeh’s place of martyrdom, we can conclude that apparently in the sixth century, the attribution of the imamzadeh to Imam Bagher was very famous. Also, Imamzadeh’s shrine was rebuilt during this period and his place of martyrdom which is known Mashhad Ardahal, was known only as Barkers or Barkersef Mashhad and probably as a result of the urban development of the contemporary period, it became famous as Ardahal. It is worth mentioning that about some hadiths mentioned in this regard, we should reflect more.
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
Saleh Amipour; abdollah sajedi; jamal khosravi
Abstract
In the early Islamic centuries, Barzeh was a district, a place and a stage on the way from "Dinevar" to "Maragheh" and was located in Azarbaijan province. Due to the great importance of Azarbaijan, many sources have introduced its different regions and made brief references to some regions. One of these ...
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In the early Islamic centuries, Barzeh was a district, a place and a stage on the way from "Dinevar" to "Maragheh" and was located in Azarbaijan province. Due to the great importance of Azarbaijan, many sources have introduced its different regions and made brief references to some regions. One of these areas is Barzeh. At first, this area was one of the nearby District, and then with the addition of several villages, it became a new District. Muslim Arabs settled in this District and made it prosperous and famous. The name of Barzeh was mentioned in the sources until the Seljuk period, and after that, for unknown reasons, it disappeared. The current research seeks to investigate, identify and locate the Brazeh District. In this research, first-hand sources including historical sources, Masalik and Mamalik books and other early centuries Islamic books as well as research sources and new researches have been used. This research aims to answer the question, which point is Barzeh mentioned in the early Islamic centuries? And which area is it compatible with today? According to the review of the sources, comparing the maps and calculating the mentioned distances, the results of the research indicate that Barzeh can be compared with the current city of Saqez in Kurdistan province. This descriptive and analytical article has been done in a library method using slips extracted from first-hand historical and geographical sources and other reference books and geographical maps.
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
Amirhossein Hatami
Abstract
Qazvin in recent centuries, especially from the Safavid period onwards has always been influenced by important political, social and economic developments due to its special geographical and historical location. These developments have affected all aspects of urban life, especially the population. Therefore, ...
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Qazvin in recent centuries, especially from the Safavid period onwards has always been influenced by important political, social and economic developments due to its special geographical and historical location. These developments have affected all aspects of urban life, especially the population. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to analyze and study these changes by explaining the most important components affecting demographic changes. Based on the findings, demographic changes in Qazvin have been directly related to general developments in the country. In fact, a set of factors such as political factor (the transfer of the capital to and from Qazvin), social factor (different ethnic-tribal groups’ displacement), military factor (multiple wars), economic factor (economic boom or recession) and natural factors (disease and earthquake) have caused the most demographic changes in Qazvin.
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
Mohammadreza Alam; Sajad Papi
Abstract
Bakhtiari clan and its khans made many political-military activities to get political power during the periods of Afsharid and Zand. One of the first activities is Alimoradkhan Mamivand’s uprising. This is the first uprising that happened in Iran after Nadershah's coronation. In 1148 A.H., Alimoradkhan ...
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Bakhtiari clan and its khans made many political-military activities to get political power during the periods of Afsharid and Zand. One of the first activities is Alimoradkhan Mamivand’s uprising. This is the first uprising that happened in Iran after Nadershah's coronation. In 1148 A.H., Alimoradkhan raised up in the Middle Zagros region to remove Nadershah and return the monarchy to the Safavid dynasty. Although this uprising failed quickly, but it had important consequences in Bakhtiari region. This research, with an analytical approach, answers the basic questions: what were the grounds of Alimoradkhan's uprising and what were its consequences? The data show that Alimoradkhan raised up a great uprising in the Middle Zagros region by using Bakhtiari warriors present in Nadershah's army dissatisfaction, the people's tendency to Safavid dynasty, the Bakhtiari mountainous region, and finally the people's dissatisfaction about the economic pressures of the Afsharid government. The most important consequences of this unsuccessful and short-lived uprising were extensive losses of life and property damages to the people of the Middle Zagros region, the deportation of more than 10,000 Bakhtiari nomads to Khorasan, and planning for the widespread presence of the Bakhtiari in Nadershah's subsequent conquests, especially the conquest of Kandahar. .
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
Yosef Elahi; NASIRY MOHAMAD REZA; Hossein Hozhabrian
Abstract
Education is one of the important elements in the formation and development of civilizations, and the transmission of cultural teachings and concepts, which involves many factors in its rise and fall. During the Qajar era, educational institutions and religious schools developped in the country, especially ...
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Education is one of the important elements in the formation and development of civilizations, and the transmission of cultural teachings and concepts, which involves many factors in its rise and fall. During the Qajar era, educational institutions and religious schools developped in the country, especially in Mazandaran that its clear example is Asefiyeh school in Barforoosh. This article aims to answer this question: what factors have influenced the rise and fall of the activities of the religious school of Asefiyeh Barforoosh (present Babol) through a descriptive-analytical approach relying on historical sources and revisiting endowment and other documents. The objective has been to identify influential factors on the foundation, evolution, and decline of that school. The hypothesis relies on the point that besides Mirza Mohammad Shafie Mazandarani's support, political, cultural, and social changes occurred in Mazandaran after him, especially in Barforoosh, had a significant impact on the rise and fall of this school activities. .
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
mahla najarian tousi; Hassan Hashemi Zarjabad; Abed taghavi
Abstract
Because coins are available to everyone to use in trade, their analysis and comparison can help us better understand some historical ambiguities during the reign of Shah Ismail and the role of Great Khorasan as one of the important states with a high distribution of mints. Mints which represented the ...
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Because coins are available to everyone to use in trade, their analysis and comparison can help us better understand some historical ambiguities during the reign of Shah Ismail and the role of Great Khorasan as one of the important states with a high distribution of mints. Mints which represented the economic power of the government, were established in cities by economic, political, military and communication importance. Political changes had a direct effect on determining the weight of coins in a mint. This research aimed to study the weight and diameter of coins and investigate the economic situation in Greater Khorasan. Because the weight of coins is valuable in socio-economic discussions. Therefore, this descriptive-analytical article using the historical method and study of numismatics and Khorasan mints, tries to answer this question: what are the effective factors in the extreme changes in the weight of coins in the period of 916-928 A.H. (1510-1522 A.D.) The results show that political and economic events affected the minting of coins, and the government prevented inflation and established economic balance in trade affairs by decreasing and increasing the weight of coins. .
pajoheshi
Iran Local Histories
hasan rostami
Abstract
The culture of endowment has long held great importance among various classes of Iranians; however, the lands and properties endowed have occasionally been subject to misuse and exploitation by different groups. In the Khamsa region (Zanjan), the extent of endowments and the status of the endowed properties ...
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The culture of endowment has long held great importance among various classes of Iranians; however, the lands and properties endowed have occasionally been subject to misuse and exploitation by different groups. In the Khamsa region (Zanjan), the extent of endowments and the status of the endowed properties were unclear until the late Qajar period. During the Constitutional Revolution, with the establishment of the Ministry of Education, Endowments, and Luxury Industries, the issue of reviewing and overseeing endowments began. However, in various regions, including Khamsa, objections were raised by the endowers. This trend continued during the reign of Reza Shah. The main research question in this study is: Considering the status of the endowments in the Khamsa region, what challenges and constraints did the Endowment Institution of Khamsa face? Based on initial findings, part of the endowments in Zanjan during the Qajar era were subject to misuse. In the Reza Shah period, under the leadership of Etezad Razani, the process of reviewing the files began. Despite the initial ups and downs and certain shortcomings, such as a lack of financial and human resources, with the support of the ministry and the diligence of the officials, the situation of the endowments was partially organized, and several important cases were completed. Nevertheless, the government’s actions caused instability in the position and functions of the endowment institution. Although these actions were effective in reforming some processes and organizing matters related to endowments, in reality, the management of a large number of endowment properties was taken over by the government, either under the title of unknown trustees or by claiming the non-compliance of the trustees—an action that conflicted with the intentions of the founders. This study, utilizing library resources and articles, focuses on documents from various organizations and families, using a historical method and a descriptive-explanatory approach to the subject.
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