Iran Local Histories
abbasali ahmadi; Alireza Enteshari Najafabadi
Abstract
Most of the palaces of Iran's Islamic period belonged to later periods, and there are few remains of the palaces of the early Islamic centuries. Considering this deficiency and in the absence of archeological excavations, this research aims to explore and recognise the palaces and gardens of the early ...
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Most of the palaces of Iran's Islamic period belonged to later periods, and there are few remains of the palaces of the early Islamic centuries. Considering this deficiency and in the absence of archeological excavations, this research aims to explore and recognise the palaces and gardens of the early Islamic centuries of Isfahan, as one of the important centers of Iranian civilization between the first and 5th centuries of Hijri. It has been carried out by using historical sources and some contemporary researches and it tries to examine the situation of Isfahan in terms government buildings and noble palaces and gardens and identity their owners and location. The results showed that many palaces were built in Isfahan in the early Islamic centuries. They are divided into two categories: government palaces and gardens and private palaces and gardens. Since the first until third century of Hijri, government examples belonged to arab rulers and private examples mainly belonged to arab nobles. In the 4th and early 5th centuries of Hijri, with the selection of Isfahan as one of Al-e-Bouyeh's government centers, government and private palaces were mainly given to the members of this family. Although the change of the urban center of Isfahan from Jey to Yahudiyeh during the studied centuries, led to a change in the place of government examples; however, palaces and private gardens were built in both time periods, mainly on the edge of the river and the coast of Zayandehrud..
Iran Local Histories
Leila Gholamrezaie; Amirhossein Hatami
Abstract
Since groups of Jewish immigrants or exiles resided in some Iranian historical cities before and after Islam, these cities or a part of them are called Yahoudiya. These Jews never integrated into host communities due to their strong internal ties, efforts to maintain independence, and segregation from ...
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Since groups of Jewish immigrants or exiles resided in some Iranian historical cities before and after Islam, these cities or a part of them are called Yahoudiya. These Jews never integrated into host communities due to their strong internal ties, efforts to maintain independence, and segregation from other ethnic groups. They settled together in a separate - but close - part of the local population and formed the original core of Yahudiya. Among these, the most important and famous was the Yahudiya of Isfahan. They migrated to this region centuries before the arrival of Islam and founded Yahudiya alongside Jey (the core of later Isfahan). In the present article, a descriptive-analytical method has been used to analyze the historical developments of Yahudiya in Isfahan and its passage from ancient times to the Islamic era. The findings revealed that the Yahudiya of Isfahan, despite all the historical, political, social, and jurisprudential limitations, after the arrival of Islam in this region, not only did not lose its importance and credibility, but also reached the peak of its development and progress from the fourth century AH onwards..
afarin tavakoli; Vajihe Forutan
Abstract
Isfahan lacked suitable sanitation during the Qajar era. Some significant issues were the lack of healthy drinking water, unsanitary baths, and sewage disposal. In the Zell-e-Sultan period, due to some corrective measures, the health condition of the city improved partly. Based on the documents, ...
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Isfahan lacked suitable sanitation during the Qajar era. Some significant issues were the lack of healthy drinking water, unsanitary baths, and sewage disposal. In the Zell-e-Sultan period, due to some corrective measures, the health condition of the city improved partly. Based on the documents, newspapers, and publications related to the subject and using descriptive-analytical and library methods, this article aimed to answer the questions of what changes the public health of Isfahan underwent around 1325-1285 AH, and what was the perception and approach of the elites and society towards it. The findings showed that the government performed reforms such as moving contaminated production centers like tanneries out of the city, paving dirt alleys, banning the transportation of corpses to Atabat, founding a city doctors' association, building hospitals, and efforts for the hygiene of water, sewage, and baths in Isfahan with the help of the elites. However, despite the measures and attempts of newspapers to increase public awareness in the field of modern health, this structure was not stable, which could be attributed to the society's general perception and approach, especially the rulers and elites, to the issue of health. Because the health measures of the government in this period should be explained in the form of ancient philosophy, the duty of the sultan to protect the subjects and prosperity of the country, and among the charitable works and the long-standing tradition of endowment in the society, not as one of the stable and infrastructural functions of the government.
Fateme Meisami; maryam ghasemi sichani; Mohsen Afshari; Farzad Mirmojarabian; Morteza Nourae
Abstract
After the Safavid Government, the importance of the city of Isfahan diminished and many buildings were abandoned due to the transfer of the government center and the government compound fell into ruin. After the beginning of the Qajar dynasty and the efforts of the ruler of Isfahan Mirza Hosein Khan ...
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After the Safavid Government, the importance of the city of Isfahan diminished and many buildings were abandoned due to the transfer of the government center and the government compound fell into ruin. After the beginning of the Qajar dynasty and the efforts of the ruler of Isfahan Mirza Hosein Khan Sadr Isfahani, Isfahan began flourishing again and wealthy families of merchants and landlords were formed. As a result, the construction of houses with common architecture and influenced by the social status of its owners began. This research has been done with the method of historical interpretive research. The required data have been collected and analyzed from documentary sources, field studies, annexes and oral histories. Findings show that the meaning of social status is manifested through spatial characteristics in three scales: micro (home), medium (neighborhood) and macro (district).
Hassan Sadeghisamarjani
Abstract
With the establishment of the Pahlavi’s regime in 1925, Iran was largely separated from the traditional and pre-modern positions of its state and took on more or less a quasi-modern form. One of the important bureaucratic positions, which had a regular and extensive relationship with the central ...
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With the establishment of the Pahlavi’s regime in 1925, Iran was largely separated from the traditional and pre-modern positions of its state and took on more or less a quasi-modern form. One of the important bureaucratic positions, which had a regular and extensive relationship with the central government, was the position of Kadkhoda. Although Kadkhoda was the authority and his main duty was to supervise the all-encompassing affairs of the peasantry and to provide accurate and detailed annual reports to the government, in practice he became immensely involved in bureaucracy. In the present article, the author intends to describe the real functions of Kadkhoda by scrutinizing the documents of Khachik Tahmasian; the Kadkhoda of Zarneh village of Isfahan. Such Kadkhod’s great and novel duties have mainly been absent from historical accounts made about the status of government during the Pahlavi era. The article is written based on historical research methods and documentary sources
abbas ali ahmadi
Abstract
Although Borkhar county includes the plain and mountainous regions of northern part of Isfahan, the rich historical-cultural background, the strategic importance of their ancient highways, the plurality of settlements, their influential roles in the economic and social aspects of the region , Political ...
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Although Borkhar county includes the plain and mountainous regions of northern part of Isfahan, the rich historical-cultural background, the strategic importance of their ancient highways, the plurality of settlements, their influential roles in the economic and social aspects of the region , Political and cultural affairs of the Isfahan, considering the Central Plateau of Iran, they are less attended by the historical researchers, moreover; there is not much information about its various historical aspects; hence, in the present research, Historically, in the form of library studies and field observations, it is attempting to identify the background of the region in the pre and Islam era, their administrative structure, historical evolution and socio-economic situation of the region during the Sassanid and Qajar periods. Based on the results of this study, it was revealed that Borkhar was one of the major religious and cultural centers of the Isfahan in the Sassanid period. The importance of this area during the Islamic era was due to their important highways, locations, cultivated lands, and also their influential roles affecting a number of historical events, particularly in 3rd and 4th AH as well as Seljuq and Safavid dynasty and its residential areas developed remarkabl
Mohammad Bakhtiari; matin eslahi; mahshid sadat eslahi
Abstract
The occupation of Iran by the Allies in World War II and its problems such as insecurity, inflation, hoarding, smuggling, and rural migration to cities, caused extensive damage to Iranian agriculture, including Isfahan. The government has taken various measures to deal with existing problems. The purpose ...
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The occupation of Iran by the Allies in World War II and its problems such as insecurity, inflation, hoarding, smuggling, and rural migration to cities, caused extensive damage to Iranian agriculture, including Isfahan. The government has taken various measures to deal with existing problems. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the success rate of government measures and actions to solve problems and improve the living conditions of farmers in Isfahan. A descriptive-analytical approach is used to investigate this issue and the method of data collection will be libraries and documents. The findings of the present study show that the Allied occupation of the country had a devastating impact on Iranian agriculture, which formed the main basis of the country's economy. To cope with the farmers' problems, the government took initiatives and policies such as repairing of canals and irrigation networks, encouraging farmers to cultivate the spring and pay long-term loans to farmers. But ultimately, these policies are very useful and effective because of the uncertainties of the states, the differences and conflicts between individuals and groups of different political and ethnic groups, the presence and defeat of foreign occupation forces, the drought and the impoverishment of agricultural products. And the agriculture of Isfahan, as in other parts of Iran, experienced worse conditions than before the occupation of the country by the Allies.
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Volume 5, . , March 2017, , Pages 137-152
Abstract
One of the most brilliant periods in the history of the city of Isfahan was the rule of the Seljuks, as the historians in that era have considered the city as ‘Kheyrol Belad’ (city of welfare). One of the factors affecting the importance of Isfahan during the Seljukid era was undoubtedly ...
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One of the most brilliant periods in the history of the city of Isfahan was the rule of the Seljuks, as the historians in that era have considered the city as ‘Kheyrol Belad’ (city of welfare). One of the factors affecting the importance of Isfahan during the Seljukid era was undoubtedly the economic and commercial conditions of the city. The present study based on historical data and the analytical descriptive approach, tries to explain the factors contributing to the development of the economic and commercial conditions of Isfahan in Seljukid era. The main question that this paper is dealing with is what factors contributed to the growth and prosperity of the economic and commercial situations of Isfahan during the Seljukid era. In response to the above question, it is hypothesized that the great Seljuk’s rulers (429-485 AH.) in addition to understanding the appropriate facilities and conditions of the city of Isfahan, by creating stability, security and adopting appropriate financial and developmental policies, in support of producers and craftsmen, played an effective role in the economic and commercial flourishing of Isfahan during this period.
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Volume 4, . , October 2016, , Pages 29-40
Abstract
Iran, a country which has always been the center of attention due to its special geopolitical status and natural and historical attractions, has attracted a great number of visitors and tourists in the course of history all over the globe. In the Safavid period, as the history shown, a numerous European ...
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Iran, a country which has always been the center of attention due to its special geopolitical status and natural and historical attractions, has attracted a great number of visitors and tourists in the course of history all over the globe. In the Safavid period, as the history shown, a numerous European visitors and tourists who have been visit Isfahan, have written many itineraries in different areas. Some of them presented worthy descriptions about Isfahan's historical buildings and their architectural circumstances that reminded us of tailored viewpoints in addition to the comparison between Isfahan’s architectural buildings and European ones; paying attention to them can help identifying the transmitted concepts and thoughts in this age. The reason of the visitors’ attraction towards these kinds of architectural styles in the Safavid period, the way of describing and exploring the buildings and their architectural elements and key concepts in itineraries that provided the way to study the artistic stylistics of later periods, are the questions for which this study is supposed to answer. The research results revealed that views and perspectives of European tourists toward Isfahan's art and architecture and their attention to identifying Iranian concepts and architectural thoughts in Safavid period itineraries, have provided the circumstance of these concepts by means of publishing itineraries in Europe; also, the pictures that some of the tourists have taken from Isfahan's historical works and the influence that these pictures have exerted on art and west architecture, have provided the penetration areas as well as transfer of ideas of Iran's architectural style in Europe. The present study, through application of the descriptive-analytical approach, examined the identification and conveying ideas of Isfahan’s architecture of the Safavid era from the viewpoint of itineraries.
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Volume 3, Issue 6 , October 2015, , Pages 66-83
Abstract
Isfahan in the center of the plateau of Iran has got a suitable climate and considerable economic and strategic conditions. These conditions also affect the collective life of the inhabitants of the city in its historical evolution. Isfahan in the late Sassanid era was a major business, agricultural ...
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Isfahan in the center of the plateau of Iran has got a suitable climate and considerable economic and strategic conditions. These conditions also affect the collective life of the inhabitants of the city in its historical evolution. Isfahan in the late Sassanid era was a major business, agricultural and military center, and its importance was so much that Yazdgerd III fleeing the Arabs arrived in Isfahan, but the situations did not meet his expectations. Arabs after opening the outer borders of Iran chose Isfahan as their first target in the Central Plateau of Iran and occupied this important town peacefully. While Muslims in their conquests in Iran were faced with people's resistance and were forced to recapturing cities; Isfahan was conquered easier and there were no public resistance and reactions aftermath. In this regard, the paper explains the privileged position of Isfahan and its importance in the late Sassanid and early Islamic period also it describes the conquest of Isfahan in comparison to other major cities in Iran by Arabs. The findings obtained and interpreted by studying historical sources and by library method show that the conquest of the city with a good location and at the center of the Sassanid privileged classes, has been influenced by several factors, in the meantime informed and pragmatic attitude in dealing peacefully with urban populations have contributed winners.
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Volume 3, Issue 6 , October 2015, , Pages 98-121
Abstract
"Luti and Lutigari (Ruffian and Machismo)" has a long history in the culture and social developments of Iran. The ancient origins and cause of this social phenomenon is as old as the history of "chivalry", and it can be traced in the ancient Iran and agility culture and the Islamic generosity. This rooted ...
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"Luti and Lutigari (Ruffian and Machismo)" has a long history in the culture and social developments of Iran. The ancient origins and cause of this social phenomenon is as old as the history of "chivalry", and it can be traced in the ancient Iran and agility culture and the Islamic generosity. This rooted social phenomenon with many ups and downs in history, during the Qajar period gradually turned to decline. Apart from a series of moral and social evaluations, the Luti's role in political and social developments in Iran during the Qajar period is very important in terms of social and local history. We try to take advantage of some sociological theories, especially the theory of "functionalism" and "deviations" while recognizing their social identities to review their practices and explain the necessity of their presence in the political upheavals and rebellions between 1240 to 1265 AH. The results show that Lutian in the big cities of Iran, especially in Isfahan, the largest and most important city of Iran in the thirteenth AH/ the nineteenth century AD were always present in insurgencies and the most pioneering and influential bands of the army and some underprivileged classes of society in the fight against the government. The dimensions of the rebellion in the above mentioned years during the reign of Fath Ali Shah, Mohammad Shah and and the beginning of Naseroddin Shah's regime and the killings and bloodshed shows the depth of these incidents. Despite the fact that during the Qajar period Lutian were relegated gradually from their attractive position to protect the legacy of chivalry into a weapon in the hands of those influential groups, but studying the role of this social phenomenon in social and cultural life of Iranian cities, enriches studies in the field of social and local history studies and is also very important in the promotion of social history of Iran.
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Volume 3, Issue 3 , February 2015, , Pages 93-102
Abstract
Recognition of local communities of Isfahan and changes of its texture and structure during the time is not easy. Governments that had ruled the city had made valuable historical monuments. Iranian or non-Iranian, anyone who has reached this city, has found it the best place and resided there and many ...
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Recognition of local communities of Isfahan and changes of its texture and structure during the time is not easy. Governments that had ruled the city had made valuable historical monuments. Iranian or non-Iranian, anyone who has reached this city, has found it the best place and resided there and many of them died there. The author of the present article, while studying the "Short history of Isfahan" written by Nadim-ol-Molk, had faced a building called "Daralbatykh" and decided to introduce this monument, and find the reason of the popularity of the "Daralbtykh" from books and the elderly people who were devoted to Iran and Iranian identity to submit the avid readers to understand this ancient monument and if I find grace to introduce other forgotten buildings.
