jafar Aghazadeh
Abstract
With the formation of the Safavid government and the beginning of the Ottoman-Iran wars in northwestern Iran, Maku region, with Maku Castle as its center, became one of the gateways between Persian territories and eastern Anatolia in the center of these battles. The castle’s ownership shifted many ...
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With the formation of the Safavid government and the beginning of the Ottoman-Iran wars in northwestern Iran, Maku region, with Maku Castle as its center, became one of the gateways between Persian territories and eastern Anatolia in the center of these battles. The castle’s ownership shifted many times between the Safavids and the Ottomans. Where did Maku Castle stand in the Ottoman-Safavid conflicts? The present study attempted to investigate the status of Maku Castle during the Ottoman-Safavid conflicts via an analytical research approach. The study claims that Maku Castle had an important place in the military policy of the Safavids and the Ottomans due to its stability and location at the Iranian-Anatolian border crossing, and this issue was the cause of the disputes between the two powers over this castle. The result was that the Ottomans and Safavids tried to consolidate their influence along the border by lodging their own tribes at Maku Castle. Shah Abbas I showed his military superiority over the Ottomans by defeating the Ottoman-affiliated tribes in northwestern Iran, capturing Maku Castle, and housing the Bayat tribe in the fortress of this castle. During the reign of Shah Safi, the Ottomans seized Maku Castle, which was destroyed under the Zuhab peace treaty. However, the Safavids, in violation of the peace treaty, captured the castle and controlled it, with brief pauses, until the fall of Isfahan.
Jafar Aghazadeh
Abstract
Azerbaijan was conquered after the Battle of Nahavand, but the successive rebels of its people and its proximity to the Caucasus and Gilan showed the significance of Azerbaijan and the need for military presence in it for the Arabs. Al-Ash'ath ibn Qays was one of the commanders who was present in the ...
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Azerbaijan was conquered after the Battle of Nahavand, but the successive rebels of its people and its proximity to the Caucasus and Gilan showed the significance of Azerbaijan and the need for military presence in it for the Arabs. Al-Ash'ath ibn Qays was one of the commanders who was present in the conquests of Azerbaijan and was appointed by Uthman as the ruler of Azerbaijan and remained in the position until the beginning of Ali's caliphate. The aim of the present study was to evaluate Al-Ash'ath’s appointment as the ruler of Azerbaijan and its measures in this region using a descriptive-analytical method and library texts. The present research attempts to answer the following questions: why was Al-Ash'ath appointed to rule Azerbaijan? What were the areas of Arab migration to Azerbaijan and its consequences during the rule of Al-Ash'ath? And why and how Imam Ali dismissed Al-Ash’ath from the emirate of this region and what was his reaction? Findings of the research show that Al-Ash'ath was appointed as the governor of Azerbaijan due to the close connection with Uthman and created the basis for the migration of Arabs to this region and its tendency towards Islam. As Imam Ali came to the Caliphate, because Ash'ath did not swear allegiance to him, and had fled in Azerbaijan, he was dismissed from the Emirate.
