Mojtaba Tabriziniya Tabrizi; Abdolrasoul Kheirandish; Ataollah Hassani; Reza Shabani
Abstract
The cannon, as a heavy, collective, expensive weapon, requiring training in the use and expense of construction, maintenance, and deployment could only be in the hands of the central government. Historical evidence suggests that the use of this modern weapon has been a decisive and accelerating factor ...
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The cannon, as a heavy, collective, expensive weapon, requiring training in the use and expense of construction, maintenance, and deployment could only be in the hands of the central government. Historical evidence suggests that the use of this modern weapon has been a decisive and accelerating factor in controlling centrifugal forces, suppressing local rogue rulers, and consolidating and expanding central sovereignty. As a result of the expansion of central government authority over all the Safavid territory gained through the shelling of the cannon, the reign of Shah Abbas I was accompanied by the least internal strife, and this resulted in great victories in the frontier battles (the conquest of Yerevan by Shah Safi and the conquest of Kandahar and the defense of it three times against the Mongolian government of India), which also relied on artillery fire. With the emergence of signs of weakness of the Safavid rule and the start of widespread border revolts, although the gunners have always been part of the army, their incapability in effectively use artillery in the fortress war (face to face war) led to the overthrown of the government army and eventually, the collapse of the Safavids.
In the repression of local rulers if the "fortress war" took place, the destructive power of the bullets and the sound of cannon shattering would defeat any resistance, but in the " fortress war and face-to-face" wars, in the Safavid period, sufficient skill was used. The artillery was not effective and decisive. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies.
Qobad Mansourbakht; Reza EbadiJamkhaneh; Reza Shabani
Volume 6, . , March 2018, , Pages 229-252
Abstract
Local historiography is a representation of the past on a local and regional scale. The characteristics of such research are thematic, time and space constraints, and this provides for a partial consideration and addressing the social history/ history of the descendant. Nowadays, scholars consider the ...
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Local historiography is a representation of the past on a local and regional scale. The characteristics of such research are thematic, time and space constraints, and this provides for a partial consideration and addressing the social history/ history of the descendant. Nowadays, scholars consider the history of this kind of historiography in Iran, even to the monographs of the period of Arab Muslim imperialism era. However, there is a distinction between traditional and modern local historiography, which has been illustrated in the local historiography of Etemad al-Saltaneh. In this regard, the main questions of the present research are: What practices of local historiography does Etemad al-Saltaneh have in his works? How are the indicaotrs of local historiography displayed in the works of Etemad Al-Sathaneh? What are the status of common people's lives in the local historiography of Etemad al-Saltaneh? Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the new features of the local history of Etemad al-Saltanah. The research method is a descriptive-analytic type and its research findings indicate that local historiography in the lateral dimension is one of the most characteristic features of the text in the works of Etemad al-Saltanah. The transverse look is the look of the wise in the history of the descendant, paying attention to the types of poverty, collecting the data in the field of study, observation and interviewing
