Iran Local Histories
Kaykhosrow Khosravi Nejad; Soheila Torabi Farsani; Esmaeil Sangari
Abstract
The constant selection of Tisphoon in Āsōristān state as capital by the Sasanid emperors showed the importance of this region in their governance system. The construction of new cities and the development of urban infrastructures, such as water structures, and promotion of agriculture by the Sasanids ...
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The constant selection of Tisphoon in Āsōristān state as capital by the Sasanid emperors showed the importance of this region in their governance system. The construction of new cities and the development of urban infrastructures, such as water structures, and promotion of agriculture by the Sasanids show that they paid special attention to the political-economic role of Āsōristān cities. Hence, it is important to investigate the political-economic situation of this region, particularly in the last half century of the Sasanid dynasty, which finally led to the fall of this dynasty. This research using library sources and descriptive analytical method, seeks to find an answer to this question: what effect did the political -economic situation of the Āsōristān state with Madā’en as capital have on the fall and conquest of it by Muslim Arabs? The findings show that different wars, the diseases such as plague, and floods destroyed vital parts of the Sassanid irrigation system and consequently decreased government revenues. Economic decline led to the downfall of imperial military force, too. On the other hand, the change in the demographic composition of the state due to the migration of ethnic groups or change of people’s religion had negative effects on the Iranians’ resistance. Many residents of the cities, especially the peasants, were forced to compromise and cooperate with the Arabs in order to improve their livelihoods or maintain their privileges..
Farinaz Hooshyar; Soheila Torabi Farsani; faeezeh saberi
Volume 10, Issue 20 , October 2022, , Pages 145-158
Abstract
Kerman has always been an independent satrapy, province, and nation from the Achaemenid period until the end of the Sassanid period, and was sometimes governed by the Sassanid princes. After the conquest by the Muslim Arabs, this province was not an independent province until the 1950s, because it was ...
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Kerman has always been an independent satrapy, province, and nation from the Achaemenid period until the end of the Sassanid period, and was sometimes governed by the Sassanid princes. After the conquest by the Muslim Arabs, this province was not an independent province until the 1950s, because it was annexed to Khorasan from the second half of the first century AH to about 129 AH (or 156 AH/ 779 AD). The geographical location of Kerman and the distance of this region from the center of the Caliphate caused this province to become the center of many political, economic, social, and cultural challenges. Using the descriptive-analytical method and relying on library sources, this research investigated the policies and actions of Umayyad governors in the administration of Kerman by analyzing the problems and challenges they faced. The results showed that the measures of groups opposed to the Caliphate such as the Khawarij, people's dissatisfaction, tax pressures, and the independence of governors and government officials had made the administration of Kerman face many challenges. The Umayyads sent many governors and tried to bring the situation under their control by applying violent and strict policies. However, their lack of tolerance towards the people of Kerman caused the loss of the security and economic status of this province and turned Kerman into a center of rebellions more than before.
Ali Naderianfar; Seyyed Alireza Abtahi; Soheila Torabi Farsani
Abstract
After the rise of Reza Shah to power and adoption of a policy of centralization, many attempts were made to establish the authority of the central government throughout Iran, including Baluchestan. These attempts, however, were challenged by local governments. One of the challenges was posed by Doust ...
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After the rise of Reza Shah to power and adoption of a policy of centralization, many attempts were made to establish the authority of the central government throughout Iran, including Baluchestan. These attempts, however, were challenged by local governments. One of the challenges was posed by Doust Mohammad Khan Barakzai and Juma Khan Ismailzahi's rebellion in the years 1928 and 1940 AD. The questions this study aims to tackle include: what was the main reason behind the insurgency of this Baluch commander and how was it suppressed? The subject will be investigated through a historical analysis and using a descriptive-analytical method based on archived and classified documents from 1928 to 1940 AH. The findings of the research indicated that, unlike other movements of the time, such as the rebellion of Sheikh Khazal in Khuzestan, Gilan, and Azerbaijan, the rebellion of Doust Mohammad Khan Barakzai and Juma Khan Ismailzai there was no color and smell of separation and independence movement and their efforts were due to the domination of foreigners, especially the UK, the mistreatment of military personnel with the people of the Region and the expansion of their political and economic authority. A careful look at the implications of the documents under review showed that the main reason for the failure of Khan Baluch movement was the lack of understanding of the late Qajar and early Pahlavi statesmen, especially Reza Shah.
