Iran Local Histories
hasan rostami
Abstract
The culture of endowment has long held great importance among various classes of Iranians; however, the lands and properties endowed have occasionally been subject to misuse and exploitation by different groups. In the Khamsa region (Zanjan), the extent of endowments and the status of the endowed properties ...
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The culture of endowment has long held great importance among various classes of Iranians; however, the lands and properties endowed have occasionally been subject to misuse and exploitation by different groups. In the Khamsa region (Zanjan), the extent of endowments and the status of the endowed properties were unclear until the late Qajar period. During the Constitutional Revolution, with the establishment of the Ministry of Education, Endowments, and Luxury Industries, the issue of reviewing and overseeing endowments began. However, in various regions, including Khamsa, objections were raised by the endowers. This trend continued during the reign of Reza Shah. The main research question in this study is: Considering the status of the endowments in the Khamsa region, what challenges and constraints did the Endowment Institution of Khamsa face? Based on initial findings, part of the endowments in Zanjan during the Qajar era were subject to misuse. In the Reza Shah period, under the leadership of Etezad Razani, the process of reviewing the files began. Despite the initial ups and downs and certain shortcomings, such as a lack of financial and human resources, with the support of the ministry and the diligence of the officials, the situation of the endowments was partially organized, and several important cases were completed. Nevertheless, the government’s actions caused instability in the position and functions of the endowment institution. Although these actions were effective in reforming some processes and organizing matters related to endowments, in reality, the management of a large number of endowment properties was taken over by the government, either under the title of unknown trustees or by claiming the non-compliance of the trustees—an action that conflicted with the intentions of the founders. This study, utilizing library resources and articles, focuses on documents from various organizations and families, using a historical method and a descriptive-explanatory approach to the subject.
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Iran Local Histories
hasan rostami; abbas ghadimi gheydari
Abstract
Iranian constitutionalism created civil and popular institutions that had no background in the history of Iran. State and provincial associations were one of the most noble institutions arising from the process of constitutionalism and one of the fundamental demands of the constitutionalists, which was ...
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Iranian constitutionalism created civil and popular institutions that had no background in the history of Iran. State and provincial associations were one of the most noble institutions arising from the process of constitutionalism and one of the fundamental demands of the constitutionalists, which was approved in the first term of the National Assembly and became the link between the people and the government and parliament.The city of Zanjan was one of the places where the Provincial Association was established, but along with the ambiguity in the constitutional events of this city, the record of the Zanjan Provincial Association was also overshadowed. The main issue of this study is the performance of Zanjan Provincial Association and its relationship with the current of constitutionalism in Iran during the constitutional era. article has examined this issue by collecting data from libraries, documents and using original sources such as newspapers of the constitutional era and analyzing data in a descriptive-explanatory manner. According to the findings of the study, the performance of Zanjan Provincial Association in achieving constitutional goals has been accompanied by ups and downs that the association members depend on the upper classes, kinship with opposition groups, the weakness of constitutionalists, ulema competitions, prioritization of personal interests and events. The current constitution in Tehran and Tabriz, as the main bases of constitutionalism, affected their activities. Due to these factors, the record of Zanjan Provincial Association in the constitutional era was accompanied by failure to fulfill the demands and goals of the constitutional process.
