Ali Aramjoo; Mohammad Ali Kazembeyki
Abstract
Sufism, which following the collapse of the Ilkhanate had gradually entered the social, economic, and political spheres, continued to play a significant role in these fields during the Uzbek domination on Transoxiana. Meanwhile, the Naqshbandiyya Tariqa was more important due to its spread and numerous ...
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Sufism, which following the collapse of the Ilkhanate had gradually entered the social, economic, and political spheres, continued to play a significant role in these fields during the Uzbek domination on Transoxiana. Meanwhile, the Naqshbandiyya Tariqa was more important due to its spread and numerous followers. The influential Naqshbandi families, which had a large presence in the Timurids and Sheibanids periods, also maintained their influence, prestige, and close relations with the government during the Ashtarkhanid period. However, relations between the various Naqshbandi families and the Khans of Ashtarkhanids were not necessarily the same. The study of political actions and roles of Naqshbandi families and the factors affecting that in the Ashtarkhanids period has been the subject of the present study. According to the findings of this study, Naqshbandi sheikhs, showed a wide range of interaction and confrontation with the government, whilst they themselves were at the top of the pyramid of power for a short time. Mediation among rulers, military activity, and governance were some of the roles played by Naqshbandi sheikhs in the political arena of this period. The Sufi sheikhs' approach to the Khans was rooted in their local, family, and public interests. While the Naqshbandi families living in Bukhara, in the main seat of the Ashtarkhanian government, to maintain the status quo, were mainly looking for interaction and good relations with the Khans of the time, the Naqshbandi sheikhs of Samarkand, with the aim of changing the situation for the benefit of their state, often sided with the opponents of Bukhara.
Farinaz Hooshyar; Soheila Torabi Farsani; faeezeh saberi
Volume 10, Issue 20 , October 2022, , Pages 145-158
Abstract
Kerman has always been an independent satrapy, province, and nation from the Achaemenid period until the end of the Sassanid period, and was sometimes governed by the Sassanid princes. After the conquest by the Muslim Arabs, this province was not an independent province until the 1950s, because it was ...
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Kerman has always been an independent satrapy, province, and nation from the Achaemenid period until the end of the Sassanid period, and was sometimes governed by the Sassanid princes. After the conquest by the Muslim Arabs, this province was not an independent province until the 1950s, because it was annexed to Khorasan from the second half of the first century AH to about 129 AH (or 156 AH/ 779 AD). The geographical location of Kerman and the distance of this region from the center of the Caliphate caused this province to become the center of many political, economic, social, and cultural challenges. Using the descriptive-analytical method and relying on library sources, this research investigated the policies and actions of Umayyad governors in the administration of Kerman by analyzing the problems and challenges they faced. The results showed that the measures of groups opposed to the Caliphate such as the Khawarij, people's dissatisfaction, tax pressures, and the independence of governors and government officials had made the administration of Kerman face many challenges. The Umayyads sent many governors and tried to bring the situation under their control by applying violent and strict policies. However, their lack of tolerance towards the people of Kerman caused the loss of the security and economic status of this province and turned Kerman into a center of rebellions more than before.
jamshid Roosta; Sahar Pourmehdizadeh
Abstract
The province of Kerman was conquered by the Baraq Hajib and from the early third decade of the seventh century AH and was under the control of this ruler and his successors until the early eighth century. The tact of Baraq Hajib and some of its successors not only maintained Kerman's political stability, ...
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The province of Kerman was conquered by the Baraq Hajib and from the early third decade of the seventh century AH and was under the control of this ruler and his successors until the early eighth century. The tact of Baraq Hajib and some of its successors not only maintained Kerman's political stability, but also influenced other social, cultural, and religious spheres for more than eight decades. The present study is an analytical method using library resources to analyze the religious approach of the Qara-Khitai rulers in the first step and to explain the religious status of Kerman at the same time as their second step. Therefore, the main question of this article is: What was the religious approach of Kerman Qara-Khitai rulers and what was the position of different religions in Kerman at the same time as their rule? The findings of the study indicate that the Kerman Qara-Khitai rulers, although having non-Iranian and non-Muslim (Buddhist) origins, came to Kerman around 619-620 AH (1222-1223 AD) and shrewdly established a new approach to this new territory. Various political and especially religious ones followed. This made their rule more sustainable within Iranian-Islamic culture.
Jamshid Rousta; Sahar Pourmehdizadeh
Volume 6, . , March 2018, , Pages 153-172
Abstract
Reflecting on the Qara-Khitai Dynasty in Kerman (between 619 to 704 AH), we can see that coincides with the rule of the dynasty, some women, with the power to enter the political arena and can even be the King of Kerman. Despite the increasingly influential role in the prosperity of the kings of the ...
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Reflecting on the Qara-Khitai Dynasty in Kerman (between 619 to 704 AH), we can see that coincides with the rule of the dynasty, some women, with the power to enter the political arena and can even be the King of Kerman. Despite the increasingly influential role in the prosperity of the kings of the political, social and economic part of Iranian territory over the centuries, in today's research, not paying enough attention to the position of these ruling women and their political, cultural and economic role have been neglected. Therefore, the present study uses an analytical method to introduce these female leaders in their direct and indirect activities in the development of Kerman's land policy and economy. Therefore, the present study uses an analytical method to introduce these female leaders in their direct and indirect activities in the development of Kerman's land policy and economy. The results show some female leaders at the head of the Kerman government and with political stability and expansion, Kerman provide the foundation for economic prosperity.
