Iran Local Histories
Yaser Mollazaei
Abstract
During the reign of the Safavid’s Iran, a new chapter in Iran-Europe relations was established in various political, economic, and cultural dimensions. The collection of geographical information about Iran by Europeans was one of the most significant outcomes of the expanding relations between ...
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During the reign of the Safavid’s Iran, a new chapter in Iran-Europe relations was established in various political, economic, and cultural dimensions. The collection of geographical information about Iran by Europeans was one of the most significant outcomes of the expanding relations between Iran and Europe during this historical period. This effort not only appeared in written records but also manifested in the production of geographical maps. Olearius's travelogue about Iran, including a geographical map of Iran appended to it, is one of the most prominent examples of European efforts to acquire geographical knowledge about Safavid’s Iran. In this geographical map, alongside references to various human and natural phenomena, a natural feature named "Lake Babacamber" was located in the northern part of the Khorasan province. In this context, the central question of the article is: What is the historical origin of the name Babacamber attributed to a lake in Khorasan, and why did Olearius use this name to identify the lake? This research aimed to answer this question through a library-based approach, employing a comparative and analytical method to examine historical and geographical data reflected in local chronicles, lesser-known manuscripts, historical maps, geographical writings, literary works, historiography, and European geographical encyclopedias. This article's assessment reveals that although the location of the lake on Olearius's map encounters minor discrepancies, a comparative and analytical approach shows that the lake in question is indeed Saryqamysh Lake, located between the Khwarezm Lake and the Caspian Sea. Olearius chose the name Baba Qanbar for it. Comparing Olearius's chosen name with a range of historical sources, including local chronicles, lesser-known manuscripts, historical maps, geographical writings, literary works, historiography, and European geographical encyclopedias, demonstrates that the name Baba Qanbar on Olearius’s map refers to one of the servants and attendants of Imam Ali (AS), named Qanbar, who, along with his descendants, lived in Khorasan for some time. According to historical evidence, Qanbar and his descendants gained significant social status in Khorasan, to the point that some mosques in Khorasan were named after Qanbar and his family. Due to Qanbar's religious and social stature, his name found its way into various historical, literary, and religious texts. A prominent example of this is the addition of the Sufi prefix "Baba" to his name, which is even reflected in Olearius's map. Because of Qanbar's social and religious fame in Khorasan, it provided a basis for cartographers like Adam Olearius to name the lake in the northern part of Khorasan province Baba Qanbar.
Mohammadiali Parghoo; Vali Dinparast; Alireza Karimi; Khalil Mohammadi
Abstract
During the reign of Murad III, the Ottoman government attacked Iran in 986 AH / 1578 AD due to the weakness of the Safavids. The consequence of their invasion after 12 years of war was the separation of a much of the western part of the country, including Tabriz. During the First Istanbul Treaty, ...
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During the reign of Murad III, the Ottoman government attacked Iran in 986 AH / 1578 AD due to the weakness of the Safavids. The consequence of their invasion after 12 years of war was the separation of a much of the western part of the country, including Tabriz. During the First Istanbul Treaty, Tabriz and a considerable portion of Azerbaijan formally joined the Ottoman state. The Ottomans tried to permanently annex the occupied areas to their territory.
by building or repairing the forts in the first step, and appointing "Beyglerbeyg", "Qazi" and "Daftardar" for these areas in the second step. Shah Abbas I’s rise to power led to a complete change in political equations between the two states; accordingly, the course of events led to reclaiming of the lost areas through a series of military operations.
The developments in Tabriz and Azerbaijan during their occupation are completely unknown to IraniansBecause neither Safavid historians nor later Iranian scholars not paid attention to them. Therefore, the main approach of this article is to clarify the behavior of the Ottomans towards the people of the occupied areas and, in turn, the behavior of the people towards Ottoman agents. This research has been prepared based on the documents of the Ottoman Empire, in particular, "Daftarhaye Muhimme". In the present study, in a descriptive-analytical manner, using Ottoman-Iranian sources, a brief explanation of this ambiguous point in the country's history has been given.
ghorbanali kenarodi
Abstract
The local family of Rooz Afzoon in the shelter of Swadkoh’s castles and forests, and the adherence to Sadat Marashi's government and military service to them, managed to rule over Suzdok and parts of Eastern Mazandaran for more than a century. Two of the most prominent rulers of this family, ...
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The local family of Rooz Afzoon in the shelter of Swadkoh’s castles and forests, and the adherence to Sadat Marashi's government and military service to them, managed to rule over Suzdok and parts of Eastern Mazandaran for more than a century. Two of the most prominent rulers of this family, Agha Rostam and Agha Mohammad Rooz Afzoon, have governed simultaneously by the formation and strengthening of the Safavids in Iran. The Safavids, through the implementation of the policy of creating divisions and launching a civil war among local rulers, began to increase the influence of the central government and reduce the power of local rulers. As a result of this policy, the Marashhian religious power in Mazandaran has weakened and the local clan has increasingly fallen. With regard to the historical aspects of the problem and the purpose of the research, this article tries to appropriately answer to the following question by applying historical research method with an emphasis on analyzing the data of sources: "What was he process of formation and expansion of the growing local family of Rooz Afzoon in Mazandaran and the causes of their fall.
