Manizheh Karami; Mehri Edrisi; nezamali dehnavi; saleh aminpour
Abstract
Kalhor tribe is one of the prominent tribes in western Iran, which has been living in the foothills of the Zagros since ancient times and like other tribes, has played a role in the political and military history of Iran. This study aims to clarify the position of the Kalhor tribe in political and military ...
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Kalhor tribe is one of the prominent tribes in western Iran, which has been living in the foothills of the Zagros since ancient times and like other tribes, has played a role in the political and military history of Iran. This study aims to clarify the position of the Kalhor tribe in political and military events in the west of the country by describing and analyzing first-hand source data, local history, and authoritative research texts. It seeks to answer these questions: What were the relations of the Kalhor tribe with the rulers of Iran from the Safavid period to the end of the reign of Mohammad Shah Qajar? And what role did this tribe play in the relations between Iran and the Ottoman Empire? The findings of the study indicate that the Kalhor tribe had less influence and power in the court of the Safavid kings than the Zanganeh tribe did. The continuous revolts of the Kalhor tribe, especially in the first half of the rule of this dynasty until the reign of Shah Abbas I, led to ignoring the Kalhor leaders by the ruling power. During the Afshari period, due to Nader Shah’s conflicts with the Ottomans and the need for the cooperation of the western tribes, there was a relative improvement in the relations of the Kalhor tribe with the government. In the days of Zandieh dynasty, the elders of the Kalhor tribe played their historical role alongside the central power by helping Karim Khan Zand to achieve the monarchy and establishing family ties with him. The Kalhor tribe played an effective role in the battles of Iran and the Ottoman Empire during the Qajar period and the rule of Mohammad Ali Mirza Dolatshah over Kermanshah until the end of the reign of Mohammad Shah Qajar
Mansuor Rahnavard; Mohammad Amir Sheikh Nouri; Nezam Ali Dehnavi
Abstract
The Governors of Lorestan and their subordinate tribes had a largely militant relationship with Zandieh rulers. Ismail Khan Feili, the most powerful governor of Lorestan during this period, was strongly opposed to the power of Karim Khan Zand And during his entire period of rule, he carried out many ...
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The Governors of Lorestan and their subordinate tribes had a largely militant relationship with Zandieh rulers. Ismail Khan Feili, the most powerful governor of Lorestan during this period, was strongly opposed to the power of Karim Khan Zand And during his entire period of rule, he carried out many wars with Khan Zand. In the period before and after Karim khancame to power, many of Lorestan elites obeyed their ruler, Ismail Khan, and in support of him, they entered the war with Karim Khan. After Ismail Khan's withdrawal from power and in the succession of his sons, Mohammad Khan and Assad Khan, the relations between these rulers and elites under their citizenship with the successors of Karim Khan were somewhat improved and their period of struggle changed to a period of good relations and reconciliation. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the rulers of the Philistines of Lorestan and the Zandieh rulers, which has been done through descriptive-analytical method. Findings of the research show that the dominant aspect of the relationship between the governorates of Fieli of Lorestan and Karim Khan Zand was a military and controversial conflict, and the struggle for power in the vacuum caused by Nadir Shah's death was effective in shaping this relationship. Although the failure of Ismail Khan Fieli against Karim Khan led to a change in the relationship to the peaceful period of late in Zandieh, but it did not last a long time.
