Iran Local Histories
Maryam Khosroabadi; Milad Ajami
Abstract
The most important feature of the Ismaili movement was its longevity. This movement started in the middle of the second century of Hijri and continued until the fall of the Ismaili castles by the Mongols (7th century of Hijri). During all this time, "being an Ismaili" meant a challenge to the Islamic ...
Read More
The most important feature of the Ismaili movement was its longevity. This movement started in the middle of the second century of Hijri and continued until the fall of the Ismaili castles by the Mongols (7th century of Hijri). During all this time, "being an Ismaili" meant a challenge to the Islamic world and was called a deviant sect, atheist, irreligious and non-Muslim by the Sunni governments as well as other Shiite groups. The remnants of the Ismaili communities from the Mongol to the Safavid era began their resurrection ina challenge to the subsequent governments. After the fall of Alamut in Kerman, we witness a peaceful coexistence between the Ismaili community and the post-Safawi governments, which, according to some opinions, were not interested in conflict with the Ismaili survivors. From the point of view of this writing, the Ismaili imams first promoted peaceful coexistence with the Iranian Muslim community in Kerman, and then the aforementioned governments were forced to compromise with them. The main question of the research is how this coexistence took place and what were its reasons and factors? The results showed that the geographical, economic and political conditions of Kerman created a platform where the Ismaili leaders, by understanding the spatial and temporal conditions, without spreading the religion, could be accepted by the people of Kerman as Sadat Hosseini and the descendants of the Prophet, and made the governments of Zand and Qajar obliged to respect their situation. Hosseini Sadat and the descendants of the Prophet accepted the word of being Ismaili and replaced it with the discourse of peace and coexistence. The present study tries to introduce Kerman as a platform for the revival of the Ismailis after the decline of the death period in order to enter the modern world.
Iran Local Histories
mehrdad ronaghi; javad sakha; masood mohammadi
Abstract
The Kerman Seljuk Sultanate or Al-Qaward (432-583 AH), one of the most important local governments in Seljuk history, was formed by Qaward in Kerman and controlled Kerman to the coast of Oman for one hundred and fifty years. It was the source of changes in the economy and land and sea trade; so that ...
Read More
The Kerman Seljuk Sultanate or Al-Qaward (432-583 AH), one of the most important local governments in Seljuk history, was formed by Qaward in Kerman and controlled Kerman to the coast of Oman for one hundred and fifty years. It was the source of changes in the economy and land and sea trade; so that during this period, Kerman became one of the commercial bases in the territory of the Great Seljuk. Although due to the challenge between Sultan Malik Shah and Qaward, the founder of the Kerman Seljuk, several wars took place which caused a strain in the their relations, but finally they made peace and Al-Qaward tried not to interfere in the conflicts between the princes and the central government. This study aimed to identify the factors of survival and continuity of this local dynasty during the critical period after the death of Malek Shah. The results showed that the political attitude of Qaward's successors towards the central government in not intervening in the Seljuk conflicts and their attention to commercial and economic prosperity in the long term became the secret of its survival and stability. This research tries to analyze the subject from different angles based on the historical research method with a descriptive approach and referring to the original sources.
Farhad dashtaki nia
Volume 10, Issue 20 , October 2022, , Pages 117-130
Abstract
With the establishment of the constitutional system, changes were made in some elements of the Iranian bureaucracy. The Iranian judiciary was not excluded from those changes, and with the passage of the constitutional amendment, the new order that was being established was affected. One of the branches ...
Read More
With the establishment of the constitutional system, changes were made in some elements of the Iranian bureaucracy. The Iranian judiciary was not excluded from those changes, and with the passage of the constitutional amendment, the new order that was being established was affected. One of the branches of the judiciary that changed under the new order was the state judiciary. Kerman province was one of the first states in which a new judiciary was formed after the constitutional revolution. The present study aims to answer this question with the method of historical studies and descriptive-analytical approach while studying the comparative study of the judicial formations of Kerman in the period before and after the constitutional revolution. Findings show that the constitutional revolution based on the law establishing the Supreme Justice caused changes in the judiciary, organizational structure, judicial arrangements, and financial resources of the Kerman judiciary. Based on the documents of the National Archives of Iran, private archive documents, unpublished documents of the British Consulate in Kerman, newspapers, and first-hand sources, this study intends to explain and evaluate the impact of the Constitutional Revolution on part of the Iranian bureaucracy in the states.
mohsen morsalpour; MOHAMMAD PIRI
Abstract
In Kerman governments trying to promote of agriculture and taking water and water sharing, have a stable income. Geographers have reported that in Kerman in early Islamic centuries, agriculture prospered and achieved various agricultural product. But trade was booming for lack of proper roads, cities ...
Read More
In Kerman governments trying to promote of agriculture and taking water and water sharing, have a stable income. Geographers have reported that in Kerman in early Islamic centuries, agriculture prospered and achieved various agricultural product. But trade was booming for lack of proper roads, cities that were far, Natural barriers such as mountains and Government's inability to provide security. Kerman Seljuks changed the economic structure and put your trade on the region's economy. The present article is descriptive-analytical approach and relying on library resources study to Seljuk stance on economic issues and changes in the Seljuk period in the economic structure than ever before appeared Kerman. According to the result achieved which Seljuks features tribal and pastoral damaged agriculture in Kerman but they could earn huge revenue and greatly change the economic model Kerman with take over the trade routes.
jamshid Roosta; Sahar Pourmehdizadeh
Abstract
The province of Kerman was conquered by the Baraq Hajib and from the early third decade of the seventh century AH and was under the control of this ruler and his successors until the early eighth century. The tact of Baraq Hajib and some of its successors not only maintained Kerman's political stability, ...
Read More
The province of Kerman was conquered by the Baraq Hajib and from the early third decade of the seventh century AH and was under the control of this ruler and his successors until the early eighth century. The tact of Baraq Hajib and some of its successors not only maintained Kerman's political stability, but also influenced other social, cultural, and religious spheres for more than eight decades. The present study is an analytical method using library resources to analyze the religious approach of the Qara-Khitai rulers in the first step and to explain the religious status of Kerman at the same time as their second step. Therefore, the main question of this article is: What was the religious approach of Kerman Qara-Khitai rulers and what was the position of different religions in Kerman at the same time as their rule? The findings of the study indicate that the Kerman Qara-Khitai rulers, although having non-Iranian and non-Muslim (Buddhist) origins, came to Kerman around 619-620 AH (1222-1223 AD) and shrewdly established a new approach to this new territory. Various political and especially religious ones followed. This made their rule more sustainable within Iranian-Islamic culture.
Fatemeh Mokhtari; Asadollah Jodaki Azizi; Seyed Rasool Mousavi Haji
Abstract
The historical center of the city of Bam, known as the Citadel of Bam, is located on the northeast side of the city. Despite the numerous and varied research done so far in the field of archeology and architecture in relation to the structure and landscape of this city in the first centuries of the Islamic ...
Read More
The historical center of the city of Bam, known as the Citadel of Bam, is located on the northeast side of the city. Despite the numerous and varied research done so far in the field of archeology and architecture in relation to the structure and landscape of this city in the first centuries of the Islamic era, there are still important and key questions to which appropriate and concise answers have been given. Not yet. In this research, which is based on the purpose of fundamental research and, by nature and method, a historical research, the main question: What was the landscape of Bam in the early centuries of Islam? The data has been collected in two ways: documentary and fieldwork. The results of this research show that the city of Bam in the early islamic centuries had three parts: Arg (Citadel), Sharestan (the main part of the city) and Rabaz (suburb(.During this period,Arg- e Bam (the citadel of Bam) was the central core of surrounded by a four-gate enclusure. The Rabaz, was not enclosed and two rivers to the north and south have physically separated a large part of it from thebody of Sharestan. The natural barriers that existed in the north and east of the city of Bam caused the city to expand in the south and west. The approximate area of Sharestan was 260 hectares and the total area of the city (Rabaz, gardens and farms) was over 900 hectares and the city had three mosques, one within Arg (the Citadel) and the other two in Sharestan.
. .; . .; . .; . .
Volume 6, . , March 2018, , Pages 53-66
Abstract
Along with competition of tribal Afsharieh, Zandiyeh and Qajar members, the fight between two intellectual Shiite sides of Sufi Ne'matollāhī and Sharia scholars leading by Principal Mujtaheds in Kerman City was escalated and led to killing of Mushtaq Ali Shah and one of his followers. This division ...
Read More
Along with competition of tribal Afsharieh, Zandiyeh and Qajar members, the fight between two intellectual Shiite sides of Sufi Ne'matollāhī and Sharia scholars leading by Principal Mujtaheds in Kerman City was escalated and led to killing of Mushtaq Ali Shah and one of his followers. This division was highly effective on the subsequent events of the city such as the capture of the city by Aqa Mohammad Khan Qajar, in the process of the consolidation coincident with Fath Ali Shah era, inevitably made itself close to the municipal bodies among which scholars and clergymen were considered the most powerful ones. This policy subjected Sofia to pressure and threat. During the reign of Mohammad Shah, the Sharia followers of Kerman challenged the Tariqa followers’ supremacy by the implementation of Sharia law. Explaining the events and expressing the consequences of this division is the subject of this study. Investigating the references and documents and analyzing historical data indicate the contention and conflict of these two influential groups of Kerman during the reign of the first three kings of the Qajar dynasty.
Kurosh salehi; zenab baluchinejad
Volume 6, . , March 2018, , Pages 93-108
Abstract
The Safavids did not have a proper supervising of the situation in distant states such as Makoran (Baluchistan) until the time of Shah Abbas I. Thus, after domination of these areas, they turned the government into mediators by handing over the administration of a part of Baluchistan to the Governor ...
Read More
The Safavids did not have a proper supervising of the situation in distant states such as Makoran (Baluchistan) until the time of Shah Abbas I. Thus, after domination of these areas, they turned the government into mediators by handing over the administration of a part of Baluchistan to the Governor of Kerman and another part of it to the Sultanate. This process, which was roughly based on indirect observation of states, although its short-term negative effects were not revealed in the short term, but in the long run, and occasionally the weakness of the central government, caused a lot of problems for the Safavids and focused on local dissatisfaction in Baluchitan. And this field contributed greatly to the victory of the Ghiljaidsin the attack on the capital of the Safavid. The basic question that this study seeks to provide a well-grounded answer to what was the basis of the context and effect of the Baluch revolt in southeastern Iran during the Safavid period? The main hypothesis of the paper is that the numerous attacks of Kerman rulers, religious hardship and tax pressures caused people to be dissatisfied with the Safavid regime and caused them to revolt in the late Safavid; these riots set the stage for weakening the Safavid rule on the eastern borders and spreading the Mahmud Afghan refugee provided. This paper describes the ups and downs of developments in this state in Safavid era, which shows that the change in the role of the borderland peoples from the borderland to the influence factor and the attackers to the extent to which the government, the behavior and attitude of the structure of the central government of Safavid It depends.
Jamshid Rousta; Sahar Pourmehdizadeh
Volume 6, . , March 2018, , Pages 153-172
Abstract
Reflecting on the Qara-Khitai Dynasty in Kerman (between 619 to 704 AH), we can see that coincides with the rule of the dynasty, some women, with the power to enter the political arena and can even be the King of Kerman. Despite the increasingly influential role in the prosperity of the kings of the ...
Read More
Reflecting on the Qara-Khitai Dynasty in Kerman (between 619 to 704 AH), we can see that coincides with the rule of the dynasty, some women, with the power to enter the political arena and can even be the King of Kerman. Despite the increasingly influential role in the prosperity of the kings of the political, social and economic part of Iranian territory over the centuries, in today's research, not paying enough attention to the position of these ruling women and their political, cultural and economic role have been neglected. Therefore, the present study uses an analytical method to introduce these female leaders in their direct and indirect activities in the development of Kerman's land policy and economy. Therefore, the present study uses an analytical method to introduce these female leaders in their direct and indirect activities in the development of Kerman's land policy and economy. The results show some female leaders at the head of the Kerman government and with political stability and expansion, Kerman provide the foundation for economic prosperity.
. .
Volume 5, . , March 2017, , Pages 67-80
Abstract
The attack of Agha Mohammad Khan to Kerman had great security and political consequences. The increasing struggles made by local heads in southwestern Iran, created a risky situation to that extent that the possibility of Sistan’s separation was not cut off from Iran. This condition led central ...
Read More
The attack of Agha Mohammad Khan to Kerman had great security and political consequences. The increasing struggles made by local heads in southwestern Iran, created a risky situation to that extent that the possibility of Sistan’s separation was not cut off from Iran. This condition led central authorities to send rulers from Qajar high- ranking princes to Kerman to establish security there and to reconstruct the city of kerman which a huge part of its urban foundations had been destroyed. During the Qajar ruling dynasty the process of establishing security by the Qajar rulers was put into agenda. The present study by focusing on how the process of the establishment of security and political administration of the Kerman state during the Qajar period, has been? The findings of the study reveal that the Qajar rulers, despite the existing local revolts, set out to establish security and to reconstruct the destroyed city of Kerman via appointing the high-ranking princes and experienced and skillful bureacrats of the Qajar dynasty.
Volume 1, Issue 1 , September 2012, , Pages 34-44
Abstract
Abstract
Mohammad ibnIlyas one of the descendants of AhmadibnAsadibnSaman, was among the commanders of Amir Nasr II, who could revolt in the Fourth Century due to the power struggles in the south areas of Iran. He entered Kerman in 317 A.H. and established a government called BanuIlyas, the one which ...
Read More
Abstract
Mohammad ibnIlyas one of the descendants of AhmadibnAsadibnSaman, was among the commanders of Amir Nasr II, who could revolt in the Fourth Century due to the power struggles in the south areas of Iran. He entered Kerman in 317 A.H. and established a government called BanuIlyas, the one which lasted until 357A.H.BanuIlyaswere always involved with struggles with the two present powers; Buyidsand Samanids, and ultimately Kerman was attached to the Buyids. The present article is an attempt to investigate two major issues as far as possible. First, an investigation on the background situations for the power gaining ofBuyidsin Kerman state and then an explanation of the relations of the local government with the two powers; Buyidsand Samanids. It is will be an attempt in clarifying the local history of this area.
