hosein hozhabrian; Seyed Saheb Barzin
Abstract
After the victory of the Constitutional Revolution, southern Iran underwent many political changes, culminating in the World War I. The merchants of Bushehr, who had gained more economic power since the beginning of the nineteenth century and had gradually become interested in social and political activities, ...
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After the victory of the Constitutional Revolution, southern Iran underwent many political changes, culminating in the World War I. The merchants of Bushehr, who had gained more economic power since the beginning of the nineteenth century and had gradually become interested in social and political activities, were opposed to Britain and an ally of the constitutional clergy, and as an influential social group, have the religious, national and economic interests. During the events of the southern movement, the merchants of Bushehr were always in conflict with these interests, and usually by ignoring the economic interests, they supported the positions of the constitutionalist clerics and acted in the national interest. As the movement continued to struggle and the growing economic losses inflicted on traders due to the insecurity of trade routes and the cessation of trade, they gradually became reluctant to continue supporting the movement and eventually withdrew.The present article tries to answer the question with the method of qualitative analysis: what effect did the economic approach of Bushehr businessmen have on their orientation to join or not to accompany the southern movement? The purpose of this study is how and why the dual positions of Bushehr businessmen and the result of the research shows that Bushehr businessmen, motivated by the establishment of order and security and enjoying its economic and political interests, converged and joined the southern movement, but after despair of achieving the goals, and the economic costs, They withdrew from the movement.
khadijeh hoseynzadeh; manizheh Sadri; simin fasihi; Monireh Kazemi Rashed
Abstract
Public health is about the individual, group and community. Components such as personal, social and environmental health and water are important. Considering the importance of water in public health, this study investigates the process of drinking water in Bushehr city from the Qajar to Pahlavi dynasty. ...
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Public health is about the individual, group and community. Components such as personal, social and environmental health and water are important. Considering the importance of water in public health, this study investigates the process of drinking water in Bushehr city from the Qajar to Pahlavi dynasty. We have answered this question in a descriptive and analytical way and with the help of historical data from historical research methods. The research findings show that with the efforts of the Qajar and Pahlavi governments in the process of developing and maintaining public health, the issue of drinking water became important from the Qajar period onwards. During the Pahlavi era, following the development plans of the country, public health was promoted, and with the establishment of health institutions and popular efforts, mechanisms were developed to supply piped water and potable water treatment in Bushehr despite existing obstacles.
ali shahvand; mehdi asadi
Abstract
The trade of weapons greatly prospered during the years before World War I in the Persian Gulf. The easy access of British opposition forces in India to these weapons was prompted by British authorities’ efforts to ban this trade in the Persian Gulf. In this regard by British referring, ...
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The trade of weapons greatly prospered during the years before World War I in the Persian Gulf. The easy access of British opposition forces in India to these weapons was prompted by British authorities’ efforts to ban this trade in the Persian Gulf. In this regard by British referring, the trade of weapons in Iran was banned by the Iranian authorities in 1881/ 1897 AD. Bushehr, a major port in the Persian Gulf and Iran during the Qajar era, was one of the main centers of trade of weapon. The social and tribal conditions of the southern regions of Iran had fueled this trade in Bushehr.The present study is a historical and analytical-explanatory approach based on library sources and unconventional documents with this question that following the prohibition of weapon trade in the Persian Gulf and Iran, what factors led to the continued entrance of weapon into the form of smuggling to Bushehr, as the center of weapon distribution in the southern areas of Iran? Hypothesis: Analyzes and evaluates the profits of the weapon trade and the social conditions and tribal structure of the southern regions that led to the proliferation of weapon entrance to Bushehr through smuggling. Historical findings and evidence indicate that the weapon trade in Bushehr was not disrupted as a trading center and continued in the form of smuggling.
