yaghoub khazaei
Abstract
The concept of "childhood" is one of the relatively neglected concepts in the science of history, and the field of "children's punishments" is neglected more than "childhood". In modern criminal law, juvenile delinquents have inalienable rights such as living in a separate place from adult prisoners. ...
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The concept of "childhood" is one of the relatively neglected concepts in the science of history, and the field of "children's punishments" is neglected more than "childhood". In modern criminal law, juvenile delinquents have inalienable rights such as living in a separate place from adult prisoners. In this article, the formation of new ideas about children and the punishment of children is considered and the main question is “Why, despite the formation and establishment of Tehran's " reformatories ", do we still repeatedly see their basic rights being ignored?” The current research hypothesis implies the idea that the main causes for the violent and abusive behavior towards children was the placement of Tehran's reformatories in the proximity of prison of the capital, Qasr Prison. And it seems that the proximity of these two institutions has been the main cause of the violation of children's rights. One of the important contributions of this study for those involved in the current correctional centers is that proximity of adult prisons to reformatories has been a major cause of child abuse by adult prisoners. Therefore, the place of reformatories should be as far away from prisons as possible.
akram khalilipour; Reza Afhami; Seyyed Mehdi Mousavi Kohper; Dariush Rahmanian Koshki
Volume 10, Issue 20 , October 2022, , Pages 131-144
Abstract
Social movements are the breaking point of the long-standing system of relations within space and its transformation in terms of meaning and production of new spaces. Therefore, the present study aims to find the transformation of space in one of the most important contemporary social movements, namely ...
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Social movements are the breaking point of the long-standing system of relations within space and its transformation in terms of meaning and production of new spaces. Therefore, the present study aims to find the transformation of space in one of the most important contemporary social movements, namely the Constitutional Revolution in the Qajar period, and show how the interaction between social/spatial affairs led to a change in the spatial concept of Tehran in that period. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between urban space and the events of the Constitutional Revolution and the symbolic transformation of urban spaces resulting from this social action. The method of the present study was historical-descriptive and the collecting data was done based on the library (documentary) and field (visiting buildings) methods. The results of the research show that in the Constitutional Revolution, three different stages of consumption, production, and spatial confrontation can be observed. In the first stage, events begin in the body of a space that is historically considered legitimate, and then social action creates and represents its spaces, and everyday spaces become part of a new symbolic system of urban space. In the third stage of the revolution, we are faced with the metamorphosis of the spatial concept, the change of the symbolic meaning of pre-existing spaces, and the attempt to occupy the designated spaces to confront the groups involved in the revolution.
marjan negahi
Abstract
The selecting of Tehran as the capital of the Qajar dynasty, along with events such as the entrance of colonial countries, the movement towards modernity and World War II, faced the city with many social challenges, including increasing crime. The series of books "Social History of Tehran in the Thirteenth ...
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The selecting of Tehran as the capital of the Qajar dynasty, along with events such as the entrance of colonial countries, the movement towards modernity and World War II, faced the city with many social challenges, including increasing crime. The series of books "Social History of Tehran in the Thirteenth Century" written by Jafar Shahri is one of the relatively reliable first-hand sources for studying the social history of Tehran in the late Qajar and early Pahlavi periods, which addresses issues such as normal and delinquent behavior of ordinary people and their relations. Is. The main issue of this article is to examine the mentioned crimes from a criminological perspective. In this regard, the content of the series of book has been examined from the criminological theories point of view through content analysis and descriptive-analytical method. The main subject of the article is the study of the typology of crimes in Tehran in those days and the analysis of the contexts and factors of committing crimes from a criminological perspective. The results of this study indicate the existence of crimes such as abuse of opium drug, intoxication, theft, fraud, bribery and extortion, murder, prostitution and child abuse in Tehran at that time; Factors such as poverty, unemployment, migration and corruption of the government and administrative system have been effective in the emergence and continuation of such crimes.
