Iran Local Histories
Toktam Yarmohamadi; Jamshid Noroozi
Abstract
Great Khorasan, as one of the important regions of the Islamic world and Iran, experienced two different periods during the period of Timur Gourkani and his son Shahrukh. Timur relying on Alus Joghtaei’s support of the military commanders made extensive conquests in West Asia. Following these conquests, ...
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Great Khorasan, as one of the important regions of the Islamic world and Iran, experienced two different periods during the period of Timur Gourkani and his son Shahrukh. Timur relying on Alus Joghtaei’s support of the military commanders made extensive conquests in West Asia. Following these conquests, the cities of Khorasan, like most of the conquered places, faced with murder, looting and destruction. After Timur’s death and Shahrukh’s accession, prosperity returned to Khorasan and these areas came out from under the pressure of the Timurid period. This research aims to analyze Timur and Shahrokha’s actions in Khorasan with descriptive analytical method and using library sources. The findings indicate that Timur, considering his own interests and attachment to his capital, Samarkand, tried to use the economic resources and human and cultural capacities of the conquered regions, especially Khorasan, for the prosperity of Mavara- al- Nahr. Timur's discriminating view of Khorasan caused chaos in this province and repeated the calamities that the Mongols brought upon this region. On the other hand, Shahrukh made a significant effort to develop Khorasan due to his attachment to it, reliance on Iranian bureaucrats, and adherence to Islamic laws..
Iran Local Histories
Toktam Yarmohamadi; Friborz Veisi
Abstract
Songhar and Keliai is one of the fertile areas in Kermanshah that was considered by some influential families of this government during the Qajar period. They bought a lot of land in the area by buying people's property for a small price. Two of the great landowners of this region are Abdul Hussein Farmanfarma ...
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Songhar and Keliai is one of the fertile areas in Kermanshah that was considered by some influential families of this government during the Qajar period. They bought a lot of land in the area by buying people's property for a small price. Two of the great landowners of this region are Abdul Hussein Farmanfarma and Amanullah Khan Fath al-Sultan, the former being the Qajar prince and the latter one of the elders of the Sanghar district. Due to the financial crisis and the outbreak of the First World War, these landowners in the late Qajar period avoided timely payment of their land taxes. The government often appeased these people, but after the coup of 1299, especially after the prime ministership and reign of Reza Shah, they were severely audited. The main question of the present study is why the landowners in Sanghar had tax debts and how the Qajar and Pahlavi governments dealt with this issue. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and its reliance is on the documents related to two of the major landowners of Songor region. The findings of the study indicate that the owners of the Qajar period, due to the exemptions provided by the government and the influence they had in the court, refused to pay their taxes on time. But early in Reza's reign and reign, due to his need to fund his extensive reforms and renovations through taxation and his greed to seize their fertile lands, these landlords were severely audited..
Toktam Yarmohammadi; Jamshid Nowroozi
Abstract
Waqf is one of the old institutions of Iranian society which has been linked with the religious beliefs of Iranians and, on the other hand, has influenced the ups and downs of the events and developments of Iran. The present study intends to investigate and analyze the contents of the records of the ...
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Waqf is one of the old institutions of Iranian society which has been linked with the religious beliefs of Iranians and, on the other hand, has influenced the ups and downs of the events and developments of Iran. The present study intends to investigate and analyze the contents of the records of the Gonabad endowments and its functions during the period from 1285 to 1435 AH, which cases and in what areas have been made in Gonabad? The contents of the documents in the Gonabad Endowment Administration indicate that most of Gonabad's endowments and its functions were carried out between 1285 and 1325 AH, and the waqf's institution has declined in the last fifty years. Most of the endowments of this area include the endowment of water and land for the mourning of Sayyed al-Shohada and Muharram. Also, Waqf has been considered for Imam Reza, the construction of mosques and other public buildings. This research is descriptive-analytical and based on the contents of the documents of the endowments in the Gonabad Endowment Office, as well as the contents of some books.
