akram khalilipour; Reza Afhami; Seyyed Mehdi Mousavi Kohper; Dariush Rahmanian Koshki
Volume 10, Issue 20 , October 2022, , Pages 131-144
Abstract
Social movements are the breaking point of the long-standing system of relations within space and its transformation in terms of meaning and production of new spaces. Therefore, the present study aims to find the transformation of space in one of the most important contemporary social movements, namely ...
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Social movements are the breaking point of the long-standing system of relations within space and its transformation in terms of meaning and production of new spaces. Therefore, the present study aims to find the transformation of space in one of the most important contemporary social movements, namely the Constitutional Revolution in the Qajar period, and show how the interaction between social/spatial affairs led to a change in the spatial concept of Tehran in that period. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between urban space and the events of the Constitutional Revolution and the symbolic transformation of urban spaces resulting from this social action. The method of the present study was historical-descriptive and the collecting data was done based on the library (documentary) and field (visiting buildings) methods. The results of the research show that in the Constitutional Revolution, three different stages of consumption, production, and spatial confrontation can be observed. In the first stage, events begin in the body of a space that is historically considered legitimate, and then social action creates and represents its spaces, and everyday spaces become part of a new symbolic system of urban space. In the third stage of the revolution, we are faced with the metamorphosis of the spatial concept, the change of the symbolic meaning of pre-existing spaces, and the attempt to occupy the designated spaces to confront the groups involved in the revolution.
Shayan Karami; Daryoush Rahmanian
Abstract
Kermanshah was one of the most densely populated areas of royal property in the period of Qajar and First Pahlavi. The main issue of this paper is the clarify of why and how of the form of the royal ownership and the consequences of this type of ownership, on the farming of the Kermanshah region during ...
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Kermanshah was one of the most densely populated areas of royal property in the period of Qajar and First Pahlavi. The main issue of this paper is the clarify of why and how of the form of the royal ownership and the consequences of this type of ownership, on the farming of the Kermanshah region during the first Pahlavi period. The main purpose of the paper is to explain the causes and factors of the emergence and appearance of the royal estate in Kermanshah, during the first Pahlavi period. The present research approach is qualitative. The data were collected from library and library resources based on purposeful sampling and they were analyzed using grounded theory. The findings of the research showed that the main causes and factors were as the following: "Ancient Perspective of Ideology," "The collapse of the Islamic system", "Forces", "Modern system of modernity" and "Basic principles of agriculture", in the formation of the phenomenon of royal property in Kermanshah. The main results and implications of the phenomenon of royal estates in Kermanshah include: changing the pattern of agricultural and commercial development, establishing agricultural schools and specialized knowledge of land exploitation, establishing Shahabad sugar mill (Islamabad), Damming, developing irrigation network and agricultural mechanization.
