Zahra nadi; Mohsen Beheshtiseresht; Zekrolah Mohammadi; Bagherali Adelfar
Volume 6, . , March 2018, , Pages 79-92
Abstract
The growth of capitalism in Iran and the dependence on the world market in the nineteenth century led to various spheres of economic and social in country influenced by the developments of the West and the global system during this period. This dependency also changed the agricultural sector as well ...
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The growth of capitalism in Iran and the dependence on the world market in the nineteenth century led to various spheres of economic and social in country influenced by the developments of the West and the global system during this period. This dependency also changed the agricultural sector as well and led to the growth of commercial agriculture. In this research, It has been tried to use the descriptive-analytical method and relying on the theory of dependent development and the use of archival documents, to be answered to this question that What is the effect of growing commercial agriculture on land ownership system in Mazandaran? After reviewing and analyzing data and documents, this result was obtained that the growth of commercial agriculture has led to the importance of land and land management profitability and the cultivation of monetary products in nineteenth-century in Iran. This led to the tendency of the non-temperate classes of society, including traders, government officials and even foreigners to own land and agriculture. These people joined to the landowner class of the community to purchasing multiple lands and provided the ground for the expansion of private property and the master's Relationship. The growing need for arable land and the desire to expand personal property, Led to some action to lease land and even capture forcible of farmers' lands and minor owners of local that this issue, as the new landlord develops in Mazandaran, led to the landless many native farmers.
Bagher Ali ʻAdelfar ʻAdelfar; Zahra Ali-Mohammadi
Volume 5, Issue 9 , March 2017, , Pages 93-106
Abstract
Qazvin as one of the most important Iranian cities at the Safavid reign, when it was the capital, reached the peak of its development. But after about four decades when the capital moved from Qazvin to Isfahan, without any doubt, this transferring had significant consequences for Qazvin city. In fact, ...
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Qazvin as one of the most important Iranian cities at the Safavid reign, when it was the capital, reached the peak of its development. But after about four decades when the capital moved from Qazvin to Isfahan, without any doubt, this transferring had significant consequences for Qazvin city. In fact, it was expected that the development of the city would be rapidly lost. Since it is obvious that the political centralism of a city could be effective, to a considerable extent, in its development and as a result, its lack of centralism has the opposite effect. From current study, which was conducted through using itineraries and reports of the travelers and ambassadors and reviewing financial documents and the works of historians was concluded that though changing the political capital from Qazvin area to Isfahan area, led to considerable decrease of the political significance of the city, due to other factors, moving of the capital had not much negative effects on the economic and commercial life of the area, and this condition stayed continuous until the Qajar dynasty which led to new situations in the economy of northern areas of Iran.
