Iran Local Histories
Yaser Karimi gilaye; hojjat fallah tootkar; Bagher Ali Adelfar; mohsen bahram nezhad
Abstract
Teachers and students were one of the most important social forces emerging from the new educational structure in the country, who took a critical stance towards the unbalanced Pahlavi government’s political and social functions. The teachers and students of Guilan province, like their counterparts ...
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Teachers and students were one of the most important social forces emerging from the new educational structure in the country, who took a critical stance towards the unbalanced Pahlavi government’s political and social functions. The teachers and students of Guilan province, like their counterparts in other provinces of the country, after the transformation in the social structure, the expansion of the challenging discourses of the political system and the emergence of the destructive leader named Imam Khomeini, have provided the foundation for the emergence of dissatisfaction and street protests and created cultural and revolutionary activism by participating in protests and marches and distributing and reproducting of revolutionary leaflets and books. This research with descriptive-analytical approach and historical method and relying on documentary sources and oral history tries to answer the question, what role did teachers and students of different cities of Gilan province play in the formation and political mobilization of forces in the Islamic Revolution. ? The findings showed that they were among the pioneers of the flow of awareness and political cohesion to carry out revolutionary action among different strata of the society, and with their behavioral and expressive actions, they provided the ground for the presence of the revolutionary masses in the scene of the revolution..
Bagher Adelfar; Alie Javanmardi
Abstract
The Caspian Sea gradually experienced a new position in the Qajar era. The signing of the Turkmenchay Agreement and its commercial annexation further strengthened the position of Russian businessmen in Iran. After concluding a contract and following the actions of the Russians, much security and commercial ...
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The Caspian Sea gradually experienced a new position in the Qajar era. The signing of the Turkmenchay Agreement and its commercial annexation further strengthened the position of Russian businessmen in Iran. After concluding a contract and following the actions of the Russians, much security and commercial development was established in the Caspian Sea. Iran's rich resources of agricultural products including rice led to attract the attention of Russia. The main question is what is the position of northern rice in trade between Iran and Russia in this period? And what was the importance of the rice trade in the economic relations between Iran and Russia? Therefore, this research seeks to elucidate the position of rice trade in the northern regions of Iran in Iran-Russia trade relations during of the Qajar period according to library references and archival documents. Our research findings show due to Russia's proximity to Iran and the existence of the Caspian Sea waterway and the need of both countries for each other's products and materials have led to the development of trade between Iran and Russia. One of the trade items of Iran that had a good position in the trade relations between Iran and Russia was rice. At first, it was sufficient for internal consumption, but after the disease found in silkworms, the production of this product multiplied and replaced with silk. Although trade in this product fluctuated during times such as the famine and the October Revolution in Russia, as well as World War I, but the trade in this product continued.
