Iran Local Histories
babak zeilabpour
Abstract
Qashqai tribe is one of the big and ancient tribes of southern Iran. Fars province is the main center of their life, but since the life of the nomads is connected with nature, according to the season they migrate to reach Yailaq and Qeshlaq. During the reign of Fath_Ali_Shah, the Qashqai tribe became ...
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Qashqai tribe is one of the big and ancient tribes of southern Iran. Fars province is the main center of their life, but since the life of the nomads is connected with nature, according to the season they migrate to reach Yailaq and Qeshlaq. During the reign of Fath_Ali_Shah, the Qashqai tribe became a powerful tribe in Fars province that Jani_Khan and his children were the head of it. document containing six endowments letter from Jani_Khan and his children has remained. But what historical information do the endowments letters provide in the field of Qashqai and documentary studies? This article is written with the aim of introducing and analyzing six endowment letters of Jani_Khan and his children with a descriptive analytical method. The results show that some endowment documents remained from the Shahilo family. The geographical scope of theses endowments is Fars province and during the governorship of Hossein_Ali_Mirza. The endowments letters indicate that Ismail_Khan Qashqai had another son named Reza_Khan in addition to his two sons named Jani_Khan and Haji_Hassan_Khan. In the endowment letters the shares of five people of the Shahilo_family from their properties in Shiraz and sections of Fars province have been determined. Jani_Khan and his sons named Muhammad_Ali_Khan and Morteza_Gholi_Khan have dedicated their estate. Endowments made with, different motivations, are specific and general specific. By searching for the names of Shaykh al-Islam, the wording of the registration, the place of the seal, and the names of the writers and the registrars we can understand that the endownment letters of Qashqai were organized and registered in a special way in the Islamic court of Shiraz.
zeynab ghanbarynejad; habibullah saeedinia
Abstract
Fars was one of the Major landowner areas in the country, and a large part of this area was the territory of tribes and nomads of the southern regions of the country whose rulers were the owners of many properties in Fars and allowed many atrocities against their subjects. The agricultural lands in the ...
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Fars was one of the Major landowner areas in the country, and a large part of this area was the territory of tribes and nomads of the southern regions of the country whose rulers were the owners of many properties in Fars and allowed many atrocities against their subjects. The agricultural lands in the country's southern regions had a completely different situation from the northern and western territories of the country in terms of quality and fertility due to the weather conditions and soil type. The question raised in this research was: what was the situation of significant owners and small owners and types of ownership interest in Fars on the eve of land reforms? According to the findings of the research, many of the owners of Fars were among the majority of the country's owners in only the area of land, vast but low-yielding lands that did not have much income due to water scarcity and successive droughts. Therefore, most of the owners of these areas, even though they were among the big owners of the country, were not very rich, and many had to hand over some of their lands to rich people or merchants every year due to their debts. And since these owners were not engaged in any other profession, they were very dependent on the income of their properties and ownership interests. The research method was analytical-descriptive and based on library and documentary sources.
Teimoor Ghasemi; Asghar Foroughi; fereydoon Allahyari
Abstract
The World War II (1939-1945 AD) created special conditions in different parts of Iran. One of these parts was Fars province that due to its proximity to the Persian gulf and oil resources, the impact of war on Fars Province was inevitable. In addition to, political conflicts between tribe and central ...
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The World War II (1939-1945 AD) created special conditions in different parts of Iran. One of these parts was Fars province that due to its proximity to the Persian gulf and oil resources, the impact of war on Fars Province was inevitable. In addition to, political conflicts between tribe and central government and the weakness of central government caused major losses to the state. This study seeks to improve the investigation of social, economic and political impacts of Fars in World War II. On this basis, the main question of research is that, what was the impact of World War II and the allies on Fars agriculture, transportation and the health? The research seeks to demonstrate the impact of allied invasion on Fars Province during World War II, based on documents local newspapers and first- hand sources. Findings of research indicate that Fars province has experienced unfavorable conditions during the war in three sectors of agriculture (lack of cereal and low quality bread), health (occurance of disease and deficiency of medicine and physician) and transportation (failure to secure roads and smuggling) due to intervention of allies, especially British. This paper is organized on the basis of descriptive-analytical method.
mohmmad vosoghi; younes sadeghi
Abstract
"Shamsiah" is one of the sects of Garmsirat of Fars during eighth to tenth centuries. The founder of this sect is "Sheikh Mohammed Abi Najm (704-786 H). The expansion of the Shamsiah sect on commercial routes khonj to Lar and Hermes with the support of the ruler of Larestan, Amir sif al-Din Nusrat ...
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"Shamsiah" is one of the sects of Garmsirat of Fars during eighth to tenth centuries. The founder of this sect is "Sheikh Mohammed Abi Najm (704-786 H). The expansion of the Shamsiah sect on commercial routes khonj to Lar and Hermes with the support of the ruler of Larestan, Amir sif al-Din Nusrat Lari and Shah Zein al-Abidine,the ruler of Shiraz during Al-Muzaffar period, led to its prosperity in important areas of Garmsirat of Fars. Notwithstanding the importance of this sect in the eighth and ninth centuries AH in Garmsirat of Fars, however, no independent research has been conducted on the founder of this sect and his teachings. The intellectual and cultural heritage of this sect is available in the form of prose and poems in the south of Fars. this articl Using dissociative-analytic method seeks to examine and analyze the life and works of the founder of the Shamsiyyat sect and the socio-cultural effects of this sect in Garmsirat of Fars, with an emphasis on manuscripts as a historical issue.The finding of research shows that the leader of the sect, had a direct role in the political action of Garmsirat of fars by making relations with the rulers of Al-Muzaffar and Lar, and achieved sociocultural supremacy, by making several khanghahs and mosques.
Ahmad Bazmandegan Khamiri
Abstract
Fars province has been one of the most important parts of Iran's land throughout history. In the Nader Shah’s period, this state was one of the most troublesome areas that occurred frequently in those insurrections. Several fields have caused them to emerge. The insurgency led to the occasional ...
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Fars province has been one of the most important parts of Iran's land throughout history. In the Nader Shah’s period, this state was one of the most troublesome areas that occurred frequently in those insurrections. Several fields have caused them to emerge. The insurgency led to the occasional rushing of rare forces and, in some cases, changes in its political structure. Of these, three riots, Sheikh Ahmad Madani, Mohammad Khan Baluch and Mohammad Taqi Khan are of great importance. The main question is why the riots broke out? What causes them to occur? This article, by examining the existing documents and refreshing them again through descriptive analysis, seeks to take a fresh look at this issue. This study showed that, despite the apparent factors such as the injustice and aggressiveness of Nader Shah’s financial agents and the presence of non-native forces, the existence of powerful urban elements and rich landowners were the main causes of these three revolts.
Masoud Shafie Sarvestani; Mohammad Reza Alam
Abstract
After the conquest of Tehran, Bakhtiari Khans have achieved the highest levels of state and executive power from the position of tribal leaders for the first time. Achieving Bakhtiari Khans to power in second constitutional governments was accompanied by ups and downs that had effects across the ...
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After the conquest of Tehran, Bakhtiari Khans have achieved the highest levels of state and executive power from the position of tribal leaders for the first time. Achieving Bakhtiari Khans to power in second constitutional governments was accompanied by ups and downs that had effects across the country, especially in the Fars province. What effect did Bakhtiari Khans’s power fluctuation have on the developments and events in Fars during the years 1909 lunar until 1913 lunar? This is a question that is described and explained based on new sources and documents and with descriptive and analytical method in this research. An examination of this issue reveals that the position and conditions of Bakhtiari Khans in the second constitutional governments directly influenced the equations of power and political and social conditions of the Fars province. Their one-sided interference and positioning caused instability, increased tensions and clashes between the political forces and, as a result, it was the grund for intervention and presence of British forces in Fars. Finally, with the power decline of Bakhtiari khans in the government, it was returned the relative calm and balance of power among the political forces to Fars.
Soleyman Heydari
Abstract
One year after the signing of the Iran-US Cooperation Agreement on Rural Development, agricultural experts from the College of Agriculture of Utah went to Fars province and eight other provinces to provide technical assistance to farmers, landowners and agricultural staff. Experts settled in Shiraz on ...
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One year after the signing of the Iran-US Cooperation Agreement on Rural Development, agricultural experts from the College of Agriculture of Utah went to Fars province and eight other provinces to provide technical assistance to farmers, landowners and agricultural staff. Experts settled in Shiraz on November 2, 1930, and during their six years of work, provided technical assistance in agricultural extension and training, propagation training, agricultural mechanization and plant pest management. This study seeks to answer a fundamental question: What role did the US Economic Operations Board play in the agricultural transformation of Fars province? The findings of the study indicate that prior to the Americans’ presence in Fars, agriculture was traditional and, after the presence of Utah agricultural experts and the establishment of sample farms and practical training and theory, the mechanization of agriculture and the introduction of modern agriculture gradually provided that production increased per unit area and farmers in the stages of planting and harvesting, gradually used new tools and agricultural machinery such as tractors and combines. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is based on the library resources available at the University of Utah and the National Library and Documentation Organization of Iran.
Seyyed Saheb Barzin; Ali Reza Ali Sufi
Abstract
The land reform was the first bill of the sixth bills of the White Revolution (Revolution of the Shah and the Nation), which was implemented by Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1340 for various purposes. One of the goals of the land reform was the abolition of the Mauluk-al-Tuvaifi and the elimination ...
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The land reform was the first bill of the sixth bills of the White Revolution (Revolution of the Shah and the Nation), which was implemented by Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1340 for various purposes. One of the goals of the land reform was the abolition of the Mauluk-al-Tuvaifi and the elimination of the lord's regime. Fars province, which was considered as the seventh province at that time and also one of the most important and widespread agricultural provinces in Iran, received the attention of the Pahlavi II government during the land reform process. With the commencement of the implementation of the land reform law, the owners, who, by implementing this law, lost their properties in favor of the farmers, began their opposition to its realization. In this research, with an analytical descriptive approach and using the documents, we seek to answer the fundamental question: how was the adoption of the Land Reform Act, the owners 'and farmers' attitude of the Qalat village, and how the attitudes of the second government officials towards the implementation of this law were. The premise is prevalent that with the passage of the land reform law, the owners of Qalat refused to give land to the landowners, and government officials, despite trying to stabilize the situation, failed to implement land reform in Qalat.
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Volume 4, . , October 2016, , Pages 80-94
Abstract
Gendarmerie brigade which organized by the effective support of Great Britain to secure the road from Bushehr to Shiraz, found their interests at the beginning stages of their arrival in Fars which in turn culminated in strenuous conflicts between the two forces at the break of World War I, Qashqai tribes ...
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Gendarmerie brigade which organized by the effective support of Great Britain to secure the road from Bushehr to Shiraz, found their interests at the beginning stages of their arrival in Fars which in turn culminated in strenuous conflicts between the two forces at the break of World War I, Qashqai tribes leaned toward Germany while the central government had declared its neutrality. In the meantime, Gendarmerie appeared to show tendency to support Germany gradually and it established an independent committee known as Hafezin-e- Esteghlal (keepers of the independence); moreover, they made a close ties with Democrat Party of Fars. Eventually, Gendarmerie staged a coup against Great Britain’s dominance over Shiraz on the 2th Muharram, 1334. During this period, Gendarmerie signed a treaty with Solat od-Dowleh which did not last long. The present essay is after answering the main question that what factors caused alliance and dissociation between Gendarmerie forcs and Qashqai tribes? Using the descriptive-analytic method, the present article seeks to answer the aforementioned question with reliance on historical texts and documents. Apparently, in the first places Solat od-Dowleh’s need of a national force in line with his own interests trend him to enter into an alliance. However, changes such as internal weakness of Gendarmerie and the increased pressure from the new government weakend Solat od-Dowleh’s efforts to maintain Qashqai’s cooperation which finally caused them to turn away.
