Iran Local Histories
Toktam Yarmohamadi; Friborz Veisi
Abstract
Songhar and Keliai is one of the fertile areas in Kermanshah that was considered by some influential families of this government during the Qajar period. They bought a lot of land in the area by buying people's property for a small price. Two of the great landowners of this region are Abdul Hussein Farmanfarma ...
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Songhar and Keliai is one of the fertile areas in Kermanshah that was considered by some influential families of this government during the Qajar period. They bought a lot of land in the area by buying people's property for a small price. Two of the great landowners of this region are Abdul Hussein Farmanfarma and Amanullah Khan Fath al-Sultan, the former being the Qajar prince and the latter one of the elders of the Sanghar district. Due to the financial crisis and the outbreak of the First World War, these landowners in the late Qajar period avoided timely payment of their land taxes. The government often appeased these people, but after the coup of 1299, especially after the prime ministership and reign of Reza Shah, they were severely audited. The main question of the present study is why the landowners in Sanghar had tax debts and how the Qajar and Pahlavi governments dealt with this issue. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and its reliance is on the documents related to two of the major landowners of Songor region. The findings of the study indicate that the owners of the Qajar period, due to the exemptions provided by the government and the influence they had in the court, refused to pay their taxes on time. But early in Reza's reign and reign, due to his need to fund his extensive reforms and renovations through taxation and his greed to seize their fertile lands, these landlords were severely audited..
Jahangir Khosravi Shakib; Soheila Torabi Farsani; alireza abtahi
Abstract
Choosing name for companies, Institutions, schools, and public universities in any government is related to its ideology. No doubt, any choice is appropriate to the views, thoughts and opinions of the authorities or decision-makers of that government. In other words, the survey of public schools’ ...
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Choosing name for companies, Institutions, schools, and public universities in any government is related to its ideology. No doubt, any choice is appropriate to the views, thoughts and opinions of the authorities or decision-makers of that government. In other words, the survey of public schools’ names is to study the ideology governing that society. The objective of this paper is to analyze the selected names for the schools of Lorestan province during the Pahlavi era. In this regard it has to been tried to provide an answer to these questions by descriptive-analytic method and exploring archival documents: what’s the relationship between selected names and ruling politics? What titles have been used for Lorestan schools during the first and second Pahlavi periods? What are the effective factors in choosing the name of Lorestan schools? The findings of this research show that the general views of Pahlavi government with ideological components such as nationalism, emphasis on Persian language, Archaism and centralization, -through government officials and agencies and departments of education- had a direct impact on choosing the name of schools in the province, and the type of school names in the first Pahlavi period is significantly different from the second, affected by historical events and the displacement of power.
Parvin Bayg Mohammadi; Aliakbar Kajbaf; Morteza Nooraie
Abstract
Before Pahlavi period, religious environment of Shushtar has caused its people to try to devout the greatest part of their endowments to the construction, repair and provision of the requirements of mosques, schools and shrines; therefore, the most fundamental function of endowment has been of cultural ...
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Before Pahlavi period, religious environment of Shushtar has caused its people to try to devout the greatest part of their endowments to the construction, repair and provision of the requirements of mosques, schools and shrines; therefore, the most fundamental function of endowment has been of cultural – religious nature. In spite of the swift changes and modifications in the various social, cultural and economic aspects, the people of Shushtar had still paid more or less considerable attention to the tradition of endowment. The present study is an attempt to examine the “functions of endowment in Shushtar in Pahlavi period” based on a descriptive – analytical method and in accordance with all the endowment documents recorded in the Endowment Department of Shushtar and the available library resources. Moreover, the study is to find the amount, type and uses of the endowments in this particular time span. The results obtained reveal that although the functions had been of cultural – religious nature, they had continued with less emphasis due to the anti-religious policies of Pahlavi regime, in such a way that only 8 real endowment documents has been recorded in Shushtar. Furthermore, consideration of hygienic issues as one of the social functions of endowment has been present in a limited way and accompanied with the cultural – religious function.
Farideh Farzi; Zekrollah Mohammadi; Hossein Abadian; Yaghoub Khazaei
Abstract
After the 28th Mordad coup, The Mohammad Reza Shah decided to make reforms and such reforms were made mostly in the form of white revolution. The white revolution was realized in several steps and 19 principles and formation of the Eensaf Houses at the villages was proposed in the 9th principle. The ...
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After the 28th Mordad coup, The Mohammad Reza Shah decided to make reforms and such reforms were made mostly in the form of white revolution. The white revolution was realized in several steps and 19 principles and formation of the Eensaf Houses at the villages was proposed in the 9th principle. The formation of Ensaf Houses caused the establishment of a social and judicial system at the villages, thus, the study of their formation and effects on judicial systems of villages is necessary. The present study aims to investigate the formation of Ensaf Houses at the villages of Esfahan province since its beginning to 1357 SH and answer following questions: How did people interact with this new-established organization? How much did it succeed in solving the problems of villagers? The present research seeks to investigate the reasons of the establishment and method of Ensaf Houses functions in the villages of Esfahan by the use of library and documentary resources of this period and applying a descriptive-analytical method. The findings of this research suggest that, although this newly established institution has worked positively to overcome some of the problems, due to lack of proper monitoring of the performance of members by the supervisors, it caused other problems and its positive performance was affected.
