Iran Local Histories
Jamshid Noroozi; Narges khazaei; zahra fatemi moghadam
Abstract
A B S T R A C TThe cultural and religious relations of some Iranian cities and regions with the Muslims and Shiites of neighboring countries such as Indian subcontinent are among the important issues related to the local history of Iran. Due to the influence of Iranian cultural in India and the ...
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A B S T R A C TThe cultural and religious relations of some Iranian cities and regions with the Muslims and Shiites of neighboring countries such as Indian subcontinent are among the important issues related to the local history of Iran. Due to the influence of Iranian cultural in India and the presence of Shiites, Sufis and Sadats who were interested in Imam Reza in this region, during the Qajar period, as in the Safavid era, many Indian pilgrims were traveling to Mashhad. They were from various social groups, including Sadat and Sufis and occasionally encountered problems. To explain their situation and present and resolve their problems, they used the customary method of writing a petition to the Astan Quds Razavi guardians during their long journey and stay in Mashhad. These petitions which are preserved in the Astan Quds document center, reflect the situation of these Indian pilgrims and provide valuable information about their problems, as well as how the Astan Quds guardians interact with them and support them. The current study, using a historical method and a descriptive-analytical approach based on the documents of Astan Quds Razavi, aimed to provide answer to these questions that what problems the Indian pilgrims who traveled to Mashhad during the Qajar era were encountered? What solution did they mainly resort to reduce them? What interactions and supportive acts did the Astan Quds Razavi guardians have with these Indian pilgrims? The findings indicate that the Indian pilgrims who traveled to Mashhad from various regions of Indian subcontinent experienced a variety of problems including illness, property, theft, and the inability to earn a living. These trapped pilgrims using the pilgrimage atmosphere of this city and the long-standing practice of Astan Quds' support, turned to the Astan Quds guardians to find a solution for their problems. Due to the age of writing a petition of stranded pilgrims and the allocation of significant financial resources and endowments for support them, the Astan Quds guardians and officials considered various support measures, including cash and non-monetary aid after studying their petitions and the situation and problems, sometimes by influencing the social base of the pilgrims and the way of expressing the problems in the petitions, gave more attention to some pilgrims, especially Sadat.
JALIL GHASSABIGAZKOUH; Hadi Valkili; yosef motavali.haghighi
Abstract
Mashhad as a center of Khorasan province was of great economic and commercial importance; as far as it can be considered as a large port in northeastern Iran for import and export of goods. Because of the good commercial status of Mashhad, some of Russia and Governmental merchants proceed to build the ...
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Mashhad as a center of Khorasan province was of great economic and commercial importance; as far as it can be considered as a large port in northeastern Iran for import and export of goods. Because of the good commercial status of Mashhad, some of Russia and Governmental merchants proceed to build the firms, commercial offices and companies in Mashhad. The aim of this study is to answer to two main questions: 1) what were the factors affecting the trade between Mashhad and Russia and the problems facing this trade from 1304 to 1344 AH? 2) which Russian trading companies entered into Mashhad trade in the time period in question and traded in which goods? Despite the lack of references about this study and the need for a detailed study with a descriptive-analytical approach, the findings indicate that establishment of Trans-Caspian Railway, dispatching Russian commercial staffs to mashhad and the activities of Russian consulates in Mashhad are some factors affecting trade between mashhad and Russia. And according to boycott of the Russian goods, insecurity and restrictions of Russian traders at Mashhad during the late Qajar, some firms such as Iral, Makrowich, Frank, Noble, Khloopkem, Stuackin, Venshtorg and Cantero Sayus imported oil, food, commodities and luxury goods and Russia firms supplied raw material for themselves
Nezam Ali Dehnavi; Houshag khosro Beigi
Abstract
The structure and organizational of Astan Quds at during the Qajar period, especially during the reign of Nasir al-Din Shah, was similar to that of the Safavid period and also, according to the instructions of Ali Shah petition in Afsharian period. This research seeks to investigate the distribution ...
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The structure and organizational of Astan Quds at during the Qajar period, especially during the reign of Nasir al-Din Shah, was similar to that of the Safavid period and also, according to the instructions of Ali Shah petition in Afsharian period. This research seeks to investigate the distribution of Astan Quds offices and jobs in each of the sixth city neighborhoods of Mashhad, relying on the manuscript of the 'Ketabche Teadad Nefuse Arze Aqdas Va Shahre Mashhad Moqadas'. The manuscript was written in the kingdom of Nasir al-Din Shah and ordered by Mohammad Taqi Mirza Rokn al-Dawlah, the ruler of Khorasan and Sistan. This version is an interesting example of the information and statistics of the population and businesses of Mashhad during Nasir al-Din Shah, and shows the distribution of offices and jobs in Astan Quds in different neighborhoods of Mashhad. The research method in this study is an analysis of available data, which was analyzed using SPSS software. The results indicate a significant relationship between the dispersion of Astan Quds offices and jobs in the sixth district of Mashhad. This research shows that the number of high-ranking positions in the pyramid of the Astan Quds Organization is larger than the population in the Bala Khiaban and Sarab as a result of paganization and is much lower in the Paein Khiaban of the street, which was poorer.
