Iran Local Histories
Parvin BeigMohammadi; Mohammad reza Alam; Ali Ghasemi
Abstract
At the beginning of the Pahlavi dynasty, public health and medical conditions in Khuzestan were poor in various aspects, including access to clean drinking water, prevalence and treatment of diseases, personal and public hygiene, medical facilities, and health awareness. This research adopts a historical ...
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At the beginning of the Pahlavi dynasty, public health and medical conditions in Khuzestan were poor in various aspects, including access to clean drinking water, prevalence and treatment of diseases, personal and public hygiene, medical facilities, and health awareness. This research adopts a historical methodology with a descriptive-analytical approach, relying on library resources, documents, and publications, to answer its central question: How did the health and medical conditions in Khuzestan’s cities—such as Ahvaz, Abadan, Khorramshahr, Shushtar, Dezful, Masjed Soleiman, and Behbahan—change during Reza Shah’s era compared to the Qajar period?The results show that despite some health and medical measures implemented during the early Pahlavi period—including the establishment of new medical centers, enforcement of health regulations, mass vaccination, supervision of medical staff, construction of sanitary facilities (e.g., laundries, mortuaries, irrigation systems), paving and asphalting of streets, and promotion of personal and public hygiene awareness—the health and medical conditions in Khuzestan’s cities remained unsatisfactory. However, with the gradual continuation of these measures until the late Reza Shah era, relative progress was achieved in the region’s health and medical structure compared to the Qajar period.Nevertheless, due to challenges such as incorrect health and medical beliefs among the population, insufficient funding, and the lack or absence of essential health institutions (e.g., hospitals, medical staff, and public health departments) in some cities, health and medical problems in Khuzestan persisted.
Iran Local Histories
Mohammadreza Alam; Sajad Papi
Abstract
Bakhtiari clan and its khans made many political-military activities to get political power during the periods of Afsharid and Zand. One of the first activities is Alimoradkhan Mamivand’s uprising. This is the first uprising that happened in Iran after Nadershah's coronation. In 1148 A.H., Alimoradkhan ...
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Bakhtiari clan and its khans made many political-military activities to get political power during the periods of Afsharid and Zand. One of the first activities is Alimoradkhan Mamivand’s uprising. This is the first uprising that happened in Iran after Nadershah's coronation. In 1148 A.H., Alimoradkhan raised up in the Middle Zagros region to remove Nadershah and return the monarchy to the Safavid dynasty. Although this uprising failed quickly, but it had important consequences in Bakhtiari region. This research, with an analytical approach, answers the basic questions: what were the grounds of Alimoradkhan's uprising and what were its consequences? The data show that Alimoradkhan raised up a great uprising in the Middle Zagros region by using Bakhtiari warriors present in Nadershah's army dissatisfaction, the people's tendency to Safavid dynasty, the Bakhtiari mountainous region, and finally the people's dissatisfaction about the economic pressures of the Afsharid government. The most important consequences of this unsuccessful and short-lived uprising were extensive losses of life and property damages to the people of the Middle Zagros region, the deportation of more than 10,000 Bakhtiari nomads to Khorasan, and planning for the widespread presence of the Bakhtiari in Nadershah's subsequent conquests, especially the conquest of Kandahar. .
